Suchergebnisse

The Communications Security Establishment (CSE) is Canada's largest & costliest intelligence organization & the main provider of foreign intelligence to the Canadian government. CSE collects, analyzes, & reports on signals intelligence (Sigint), & participates in the UKUSA alliance with the US, UK, Australia & New Zealand, & other third parties. During the Cold War, Canada's Sigint effort was directed primarily at the Soviet Union & its Warsaw Pact allies, but also served other foreign policy objectives as well. After the Cold War ended, & in response to the changing threat environment, the Canadian Cabinet issued a policy directive that promulgated new priorities for foreign intelligence, notably international terrorism, ethnic & religious conflict, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, illegal migration, transnational organized crime, economic (counter-)espionage, & trade intelligence. This article traces the historical evolution of CSE in performing its signals intelligence functions from the Cold War through to today's more diversified & globalized security agenda, utilizing the international liaison arrangements & technological capabilities at its disposal. 4 Figures. Adapted from the source document.

One consequence of the democratization of Eastern Europe has been a sharp reduction in the provision of development assistance by the former Communist countries. At its high point in the mid-1980s, aid from Communist Eastern Europe to the developing countries is estimated to have peaked at between $516–537 million a year, supplementing Soviet aid of some $4–4.5 billion. Taken together, it is estimated that Soviet and East European Communist aid represented nearly 10% of total world Official Development Assistance (ODA) disbursements during that period. Following the political changes that wrought democratization to Eastern Europe, these aid flows declined drastically or even ceased. This downward shift in aid reflected a profound and widespread aversion to any ongoing East European role in international development.

International trade figures prominently in the economic growth strategies of East and Southeast Asian countries. Despite the economic recession experienced across much of the world since the early 1990s, the pace of economic growth was sustained virtually unabated in the countries of East and Southeast Asia.During the entire decade of the 1980s the East and Southeast Asian economies grew more than twice as rapidly as the rest of the world economy. Along with this growth performance, international trade in the East and Southeast Asian region increased at about twice the rate of Europe and North America. Merchandise exports in East and Southeast Asia increased at an annual average rate of 10% per annum between 1965 and 1989. In 1990 and 1991 aggregate merchandise exports from Asia's Newly Industrializing Economies (South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong) grew by 9.0% and 11.4%, while the four ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) developing countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) recorded average increases of 12.9% and 14.3%, respectively.Expanding merchandise exports were accompanied by surging capital inflows and rising investment rates, culminating in accelerated growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) along with a significant reduction in the incidence of poverty.