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This article considers the transformation of the world of work and its interrelationship with changes in the social regulation of work and social security. The implications of the contradiction between a greater emphasis on autonomy and skills at work and the exclusionary effects of greater selectivity in recruitment are discussed. It is argued that we are witnessing a move to a 'third age' of work and social protection, in which qualitative and participatory aspects come to the fore, alongside aspects of the 'social question' more typical of earlier 'ages' — alleviating poverty and reducing unemployment. In conclusion the article considers the role of the European Union in addressing the resulting challenges.

"Der Artikel betrachtet die Transformation der Arbeitswelt und ihren Zusammenhang mit Veränderungen der sozialen Regulation der Arbeit und der sozialen Sicherheit. Er diskutiert die Implikationen des Widerspruchs zwischen der Betonung der Autonomie und der Qualifikationen am Arbeitsplatz und der 'Exklusionswirkung' einer grösseren Selektion bei der Einstellung. Es wird argumentiert, dass wir einen Trend zu einem 'dritten Alter' der Arbeit und sozialer Sicherheit erleben, in dem qualitative und parzipitive Elemente in den Vordergrund treten, neben Aspekten der 'sozialen Frage', die für frühere Epochen charakteristisch waren, wie die Beseitigung der Armut oder die Minderung der Arbeitslosigkeit. Der Artikel schliesst mit einer Betrachtung der Rolle der Europäischen Union bei der Bewältigung der daraus hervorgehenden Herausforderungen." (Autorenreferat)

Is there anything like Logic of Action? This paper deals with conceptions ofac- tion which consider it was being priorily devoted not to manipulate a granted-as- given reality for strategical goals, but to create new realities. Above all, acting is making and by such modifying reality along unpredictable lines. Other perspectives than the conventional ones can be obtained in that direction, in connection with: the situatedness of action; its collective dimension and the nature of the common good involved in it ; the peculiarities of things on which action rests. For that purpose, the author surveys four recently published books, concerning respectively: the making of statistical instruments (A. Desrosières); the action of the State in search of its own subsidiarity (Ch. Millon- Delsol); the conceptual categories supporting legal statements in labour law (A. Supiot); the practical knowledge produced in engineering activities (H. Vérin).

1.The New Politics of Numbers: An Introduction -- 2.Creating a Socialist Society and Quantification in the USSR -- 3.The People's Algorithms: Social Credits and the Rise of China's Big (Br)other -- 4.Accounting for Who We Are and What We Could Be: Inventing Taxonomies of the Self in an Age of Social Disquiet -- 5.Quantifying Inequality: From Contentious Politics to the Dream of an Indifferent Power -- 6.Homo Statisticus: A History of France's General Public Statistical Infrastructure on Population since 1950 -- 7.A New Calculable World in the Making: Governing through Transnational Certification Standards -- 8.Do Performance Indicators Improve the Effectiveness of Development Aid? -- 9.Archaeology of a Quantification Device: Quantification, Policies and Politics in French Higher Education -- 10.Quantification = Economization? Numbers, Ratings and Rankings in the Prison Service of England and Wales -- 11.The Shifting Legitimacies of Price Measurements: Official Statistics and the Quantification of Pwofitasyon in the 2009 Social Struggle in Guadeloupe -- 12."La donnée n'est pas un donné": Statistics, Quantification and Democratic Choice -- 13.Free from Numbers? The Politics of Qualitative Sociology in the U.S. since 1945.

This open access book offers unique insight into how and where ideas and instruments of quantification have been adopted, and how they have come to matter. Rather than asking what quantification is, New Politics of Numbers explores what quantification does, its manifold consequences in multiple domains. It scrutinizes the power of numbers in terms of the changing relations between numbers and democracy, the politics of evidence, and dreams and schemes of bettering society. The book engages Foucault inspired studies of quantification and the economics of convention in a critical dialogue. In so doing, it provides a rich account of the plurality of possible ways in which numbers have come to govern, highlighting not only their disciplinary effects, but also the collective mobilization capacities quantification can offer. This book will be invaluable reading for academics and graduate students in a wide variety of disciplines, as well as policymakers interested in the opportunities and pitfalls of governance by numbers.

This chapter sets out what is "new" in the politics of numbers and this volume's approach to their study. Rather than asking what quantification is, this volume is interested in describing and analysing what quantification does, tracking and unpacking various quantification practices and their manifold consequences in different domains. The book revisits the power of numbers, and examines changing relations between numbers and democracy. It engages, for the first time, Foucault inspired studies of quantification and the economics of convention in a critical dialogue. In so doing, the volume seeks to account more systematically for the plurality of the possible ways in which numbers can come to govern, highlighting not only disciplinary effects but also the collective mobilization capacities quantification can offer.