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DRAWING ON INSIGHTS GENERATED BY STUDENTS OF THE "DEVELOPING SOCIETIES," WHO HAVE IDENTIFIED THE EMERGENCE OF NEW POLITICAL ELITES AS A CENTRAL FEATURE OF THE WHOLE MODERNIZATION PROCESS, THE NEW BLACK POLITICAL LEADERS WHO HAVE EMERGED FROM THE RECENT SOUTHERN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT ARE ANALYZED TO DETERMINE HOW CLOSELY THEY RESEMBLE THE TRADITIONAL BLACK ELITES IN THIS REGION IN TERMS OF SE BACKGROUND, ATTITUDES, & RISK-TAKING PROPENSITIES. THE IMPACT OF RAPID POLITICAL MOBILIZATION ON LEADERSHIP RECRUITMENT PATTERNS IN "DEVELOPING NATIONS" IS ASSESSED & ITS GENERAL APPLICABILITY TO THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF BLACKS IN THE US SOUTH IS ANALYZED. AGAINST THIS BACKGROUND, DATA FROM A QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED TO A SAMPLE OF THE 336 BLACK CANDIDATES FOR ELECTED OFFICE IN MISS BETWEEN 1965 & 1970--THE FIRST CROP OF BLACK OFFICE-SEEKERS SINCE RECONSTRUCTION--ARE ANALYZED. THE INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE FILLED THE NEW POLITICAL ROLES CREATED BY RAPID BLACK POLITICAL MOBILIZATION IN THE US SOUTH, LIKE THEIR COUNTERPARTS IN THE "DEVELOPING SOCIETIES," SHARE MANY OF THE SE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRADITIONAL, PREPOLITICAL BLACK LEADERSHIP, DESPITE SOME INFUSION OF NEW BLOOD FROM OTHER SOCIAL STRATA. ALTHOUGH THESE NEW ELITES DIFFER FROM THE TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP GROUPS IN TERMS OF ATTITUDES, A SIZEABLE PROPORTION ARE SUFFICIENTLY AVERSE TO PERSONAL RISK-TAKING TO RAISE QUESTIONS ABOUT HOW VIGOROUSLY THEY WILL PUSH FOR CHANGES IN LOCAL POLICY IN THE FACE OF OPPOSITION FROM LOCAL POWERS-THAT-BE. FINALLY, THE SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES SEEM EVEN MORE CONSERVATIVE & MORE LIKE THE OLD ELITE THAN THE DEFEATED ONES, SUGGESTING THAT THE ELECTORAL PROCESS ACTS AS A KIND OF SCREENING MECHANISM, SYSTEMATICALLY FILTERING OUT THE LESS TRADITIONAL CANDIDATES. BY CHANNELLING NEW DEMANDS FOR CHANGE THROUGH THE ELECTORAL PROCESS, ELECTORAL SYSTEMS AVOID INSTABILITY BUT AT THE PRICE OF POTENTIALLY BLUNTING THE IMPETUS FOR REFORM. AA.

One of the sorest needs in the social sciences is for clear and concise conceptual equipment to give structure to disciplines and order to the range of hypotheses these disciplines purport to explore. Perhaps nowhere is this need for conceptual equipment more pressing, however, than in that amorphous area of study that examines the broad range of social processes gathered under the rubric of "modernization." Depending on one's perspective, the process of modernization is either primarily economic, or political, or psychological, or social, or technological, or all of the above. Like the elephant in the old tale, the beast is different depending on who touches it and where.

Introduction -- The stakes: what is the nonprofit sector and why do we need it -- Four impulses shaping the future of nonprofit America -- The challenges -- The opportunities -- The nonprofit response: a story of resilience -- The risks -- The road ahead: toward a renewal strategy for nonprofit America.

This article seeks to explain how a dramatic new program of financial and technical assists to nonprofit organizations managed to surface on the active policy agenda of Russia's government between 2009 and 2013 at precisely the same time the Russian government was suppressing foreign-funded nonprofit organizations as "foreign agents" and earning for itself a reputation as the perpetrators of a "global associational counter-revolution." To answer this question, the article brings to bear the multiple streams framework (MSF) widely used to explain policy-agenda-formation in the United States and other countries and finds it sheds useful light on the agenda-setting dynamics recently at work in the evolution of government–nonprofit relations in Russia and, possibly, in other transitional societies.

The purpose of this article is to assess the data resources currently available to measure the scope and structure of the nonprofit sector and to describe an effort underway to fill some of the existing knowledge gaps. This article discusses a rich but so far underutilized source of data on nonprofit employment: the ES-202 data program managed by State Employment Security Agencies under the supervision of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This article first identifies a set of criteria for evaluating existing data on nonprofit institutions, then applies these criteria to the existing sources of empirical data on these institutions, and finally describes the effort now underway through the Johns Hopkins Nonprofit Employment Data Project to produce employment data from the ES-202 system to close some of the gaps that currently exist in our ability to measure the scope and structure of the nonprofit sector.

Intro -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Part One OVERVIEW -- Chapter 1 Global Civil Society: An Overview -- Chapter 2 Measuring Civil Society: The Johns Hopkins Global Civil Society Index* -- Part Two AFRICA -- Chapter 3 Kenya -- Chapter 4 South Africa -- Chapter 5 Tanzania -- Chapter 6 Uganda -- Part Three ASIA -- Chapter 7 India -- Chapter 8 Pakistan -- Chapter 9 The Philippines -- Chapter 10 South Korea -- Part Four THE MIDDLE EAST -- Chapter 11 Egypt -- Chapter 12 Lebanon -- Chapter 13 Morocco -- Part Five OTHER COUNTRIES -- Chapter 14 Italy -- Chapter 15 Norway -- Chapter 16 Poland -- Appendix A Comparative Tables -- Appendix B Methodology and Data Sources -- Appendix C Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project Local Associates -- Appendix D Advisory Committees -- Appendix E Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project Funders*.

Machine generated contents note: 1 The New Governance and the Tools of Public Action: -- An Introduction I Lester M Salomon -- 2 Direct Government i ChristopherK. Leman -- 3 Government Corporations and Government-Sponsored -- Enterprises I Thomas H. Stanton and Ronald C. Moe -- 4 Economic Regulation LesterM. Sahaon -- 5 Social Regulation I Peter May -- 6 Government Insurance I Ron I1 Feldman -- 7 Public Information I anet A. Weiss -- 8 Corrective Taxes, Charges, and Tradable Permits I Joseph J Crdes -- 9 Contracting I Steven J. Kelman -- 10 Purchase-of-Service Contracting I Ruth Hoogand DeHoog and -- Lestr M. Salamon -- 11 Grants David R. Beam and Timothy i. Cmnan -- 12 Loans and Loan Guarantees I Thomas H. Stanton -- 13 Tax Expenditures I Christopher Howard -- 14 Vouchers I C Eugene Steuerle and Eric C Twombly -- 15 Tort Liability I Peter Schuck -- 16 Managing Indirect Government I Donald F. Keda -- 17 Financial Accountability in Indirect Government I John Lordan -- 18 Accountability Challenges of Third-Party Government I -- Paul L. Posner -- 19 The Politics of Tool Choice I B. Guy Peters -- 20 Policy Tools and Democracy I Steven Rathgeb Smith and Helen Ingram -- 21 European Experience with Tools of Government I -- Arthur B. Ringeling -- 22 The Tools Approach and the New Governance: Conclusion and -- Implications I LesterM. Salamon -- Bibliography -- Index