Suchergebnisse

This study examines the effect of HMO and for-profit HMO share on the survival of safety net services and profitable services in hospitals. Using data from 1990-2003 and proportional hazard models, I find that hospitals in high HMO markets started out having lower hazard of shutting down services in 1990-1994 than those in low HMO markets, but their hazard rates increase over time. By 2000-2003, hospitals in high HMO markets ended up with higher risk of shutting down profitable services than those in low HMO markets. Conditional on overall HMO penetration, markets with higher for-profit share of HMOs have highr hazard of shutting down services, and the gap in survival between high and low for profit HMO markets is bigger in high HMO areas. Lastly, I find that the hazard rate of shutting down profitable services is comparable among not-for-profit, for-profit, and government hospitals, while the hazard of shutting down safety net services is the highest in for-profit hospitals and lowest in government hospitals.

Although many studies have documented the negative impact of pollution on labour supply, few have investigated how it is affected by pollution information disclosure. This article analyses the question by using the exogenous shock of the launch of China's air pollution information disclosure programme. By using the difference‐in‐differences method and survey data for migrant workers, the authors find that such disclosure significantly decreased the working hours of outdoor workers. These findings highlight the importance of information disclosure, which could result in changes in workers' behaviour. Moreover, they indicate that measuring the cost of pollution without addressing the problem of information asymmetry may lead to bias.

RésuméLes auteurs examinent les effets de la pollution sur l'offre de travail, sous un angle peu étudié: la publication d'informations sur la pollution. S'appuyant sur le lancement du programme national de publication des chiffres de la pollution atmosphérique en Chine, ils montrent, grâce à une analyse en doubles différences et à des données d'enquête sur les travailleurs migrants, que la publicité de ces données a entraîné une baisse significative du temps de travail des métiers en extérieur, donc un changement de comportement, et que mesurer le coût de la pollution sans prendre en compte le problème de l'asymétrie de l'information pourrait engendrer des biais.

ResumenEl impacto negativo de la contaminación atmosférica en la oferta de trabajo está bien documentado, pero apenas se ha estudiado si la transparencia informativa sobre la calidad del aire influye o no en ese resultado. Los autores investigan el programa chino de información ambiental como perturbación exógena. El método de diferencias en diferencias, aplicado a datos de encuestas sobre trabajadores migrantes, muestra que las horas de trabajo en espacios exteriores disminuyeron tras la implantación del programa, que la información pública puede provocar cambios conductuales en los trabajadores, y que medir el costo de la contaminación sin abordar el problema de la asimetría informativa puede introducir sesgos.

Yu-Chu Shen (PI), GSBPP Jesse Cunha (Co-PI), GSBPP ; U.S. military suicides have increased significantly over the past decade and currently account for almost 20% of all military deaths. Effective suicide prevention efforts require better information to identify high-risk segments of the population. In this research project, we investigated the associations of suicides and suicide attempts among current and former service members with a comprehensive set of time-varying risk factors including: deployment, diagnoses of major mental disorders, history of unlawful activity, stressful life events, and other demographic and service factor. Importantly, we observe suicide death (although not suicide attempts) of veterans after separating from the military. We estimate all of our analyses for all-service population and Navy-only population. ; Naval Research Program ; Prepared for: N171 Navy Suicide Prevention Office, POC: Steve Holton

In light of the current economic crisis, we estimate hazard models of divorce to determine how state and national unemployment rates affect the likelihood of a divorce or separation. With data in the United States over the 1978–2008 period from the 1979 NLSY, we find some evidence indicating that a higher unemployment rate increases the risk of a marriage ending for couples in years 6–10 of marriage (suggesting counter‐cyclical divorce/separation probabilities) but has no significant effect for couples in years 1–5 of marriage and those married longer than 10 years. The estimates are generally stronger in magnitude when using national instead of state unemployment rates and when considering just divorces rather than the first observed divorce or separation. (JELJ12)