Suchergebnisse

Green infrastructure is widely recognised as a valuable resource in our towns and cities and it is therefore crucial to understand, create, protect and manage this resource. This Handbook sets the context for green infrastructure as a means to make urban environments more resilient, sustainable, liveable and equitable. It then provides a comprehensive and authoritative account for those seeking to achieve sustainable green infrastructure in urban environments of how to plan, design and implement green infrastructure at different spatial scales

Historic Environment Scotland (HES), a non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government charged with safeguarding the nation's historic environment, is directly responsible for 335 sites of national significance, most of which are built from stone. Similar to other heritage organisations, HES needs a system that can store and present conservation and maintenance information for historic sites; ideally, the same system could be used to plan effective programmes of maintenance and repair. To meet this need, the British Geological Survey (BGS) has worked with HES to develop an integrated digital site assessment system that provides a refined survey process for stone-built (and other) historic sites. Based on the BGS System for Integrated Geoscience Mapping (BGS▪SIGMA)—an integrated workflow underpinned by a geo-spatial platform for data capture and interpretation—the system is built on top of ESRI's ArcGIS software, and underpinned by a relational database. Users can populate custom-built data entry forms to record maintenance issues and repair specifications for architectural elements ranging from individual blocks of stone to entire building elevations. Photographs, sketches, and digital documents can be linked to architectural elements to enhance the usability of the data. Predetermined data fields and supporting dictionaries constrain the input parameters to ensure a high degree of consistency and facilitate data extraction and querying. Presenting the data within a GIS provides a versatile planning tool for scheduling works, specifying materials, identifying skills needed for repairs, and allocating resources. The overall condition of a site can be monitored accurately over time by repeating the survey at regular intervals (e.g. every 5 years). Other datasets can be linked to the database and other geospatially referenced datasets can be superimposed in GIS, adding considerably to the scope and utility of the system. The system can be applied to any geospatially referenced object in a wide range of situations thus providing many potential applications in conservation, archaeology and related fields.

Eight male subjects performed drop jumps from a 0.8 m high platform onto a force plate and landing forces were sampled at 1000Hz. Six jumps were completed wearing military boots fitted with three different insoles (Saran, Poron and Sorbathane), and also when barefoot. Comparison of the last five jumps in each case showed that mean peak forces were similar (7.5 BW) for all insoles, though the forefoot impact mean (±SE) loading rate was higher for Sorbathane (754 ± 77 BWs-1) than for Saran (552 ± 58 BWs-1) or Poron (636 ± 77BWs-1). Mean peak loading rates for Poron, Saran and Sorbathane from forefoot to heel contact were similar for Saran (249 BWs-1) and Poron (254 BWs-1) and slightly higher for Sorbathane (300 BWs-1). Barefoot peak forces and both forefoot impact and peak loading rate were less than when a boot was worn with an insole.