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At the turn of the twentieth century, a large number of Europeans, mostly from Italy and Spain, left their homelands and headed to the distant shores of Argentina in response to the good economic opportunities, fertile land and hopes for a better future that were to be found there. At the time, Argentina was one of the most vibrant world economies. Between 1870 and 1930, around seven million people migrated from Europe to Argentina, although nearly three million returned at some different point during those years. Also foreign capital responded to the opportunities offered by Argentina, and British financial institutions funded an important part of the construction of national infrastructure needed to support growth. In contrast, European migration to Argentina virtually stopped in the 1950s, and in the next 30 years or so the country become a net exporter of professionals who were fleeing economic decline, poor opportunities and authoritarian regimes. Moreover, during this period, financial capital steadily left Argentina looking for safer places. Nowadays, and in contrary to the flow of people a century ago, Argentineans are leaving in large numbers to Spain, Italy and other destinations. Emigration this time is associated with the collapse of the country's currency experiment of the 1990s which left a legacy of massive output decline, high unemployment, financial crisis and lost hopes. This paper investigates the main patterns of international migration to and from Argentina in the twentieth century by examining the effects of relative income differentials, persistence effects, economic cycles and political regimes.

La primera fase de la globalización, desde aproximadamente 1870 hasta 1913, vino acompañada de grandes flujos migratorios desde Europa a los países del Nuevo Mundo. En contraste, en la segunda fase de la globalización de fines del siglo XX la migración internacional enfrenta, principalmente en los países desarrollados, regímenes de inmigración más o restrictivos. En América Latina, durante la primera fase, Argentina fue el más importante receptor de migrantes europeos. Cerca de siete millones de europeos llegaron al país en ese período, en respuesta a las atractivas oportunidades económicas de la belle époque argentina de fines del siglo XIX e inicios del XX. En cambio, en las últimas décadas del siglo XX Argentina se transformó en país de emigración neta al resto del mundo, particularment

En el presente articulo el autor comienza discutiendo los aspectos conceptuales de las relaciones entre estabilizacion, reformas estructurales y crecimiento economico. A continuacion, analiza los resultados, en terminos de crecimiento economico, de siete economias latinoamericanas que han adoptado a lo largo de las ultimas tres decadas, con diferentes intensidades, programas de reformas basadas en los mercados. Presenta, asimismo, evidencia econometrica de las fuentes del crecimiento, desde la decada de los 40 a la de los 80, para este grupo de paises, proporcionando ademas evidencias adicionales sobre el impacto a largo plazo de las reformas sobre la tasa de crecimiento economico en Chile y Mexico. (Pensam Iberoam/DÜI)

To study the impact of devaluation, the author focusses on three main factors: the structure of the trade sector in terms of the response of trade flows to changes in relative prices; the relative intensity of domestic value added with respect to imported in production across export and import competing industries; the degree of wage indexation

International migration analysis often focuses on mass migration rather than on the international mobility of elites, which is the focus of this paper. The paper offers a three-fold classification of elites: (a) knowledge elites, (b) entrepreneurial elites and (c) political elites. We explore the concept of elites and their main motivation to move across nations and review indirect empirical evidence relevant to this type of mobility, highlighting some channels through which elites can affect international development.

This Element examines the process of economic development of the last 50 years or so under the neoliberal model in terms of impacts on growth, inflation, income and wealth distribution and structural change. The analysis includes a historical perspective from the 19th century to the present and combines economic analysis with a political economy approach. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.