Suchergebnisse

"Scholarship on ethnicity in modern Latin America has traditionally understood the region's various societies as fusions of people of European, indigenous, and/or African descent. These are often deployed as stable categories, with European or "white" as a monolith against which studies of indigeneity or blackness are set. The role of post-independence immigration from eastern and western Europe-as well as from Asia, Africa, and other Latin-American countries-in constructing the national ethnic landscape remains understudied. The contributors of this volume focus their attention on Jewish, Arab, non-Latin European, Asian, and Latin American immigrants and their experiences in their "new" homes. Rejecting exceptionalist and homogenizing tendencies within immigration history, contributors advocate instead an approach that emphasizes the locally- and nationally-embedded nature of ethnic identification"--

Introduction / Raanan Rein, Stefan Rinke and Nadia Zysman -- Remaking ethnic studies in the age of identities / Jeffrey Lesser -- Factory, workshop, and homework: a spatial dimension of labor flexibility among Jewish migrants in the early stages of industrialization in Buenos Aires / Nadia Zysman -- Becoming polacos: landsmanshaftn and the making of a Polish-Jewish sub-ethnicity in Argentina / Mariusz Kalczewiak -- Ethnicity and federalism in Latin America: rethinking the national experience of Jews and Middle Eastern descendants in Argentina / Mauricio Dimant -- "For an Arab there can be nothing better than another Arab?": nation, ethnicity and citizenship in Peronist Argentina / Arien Noyjovich and Raanan Rein -- Otherness in convergence: Arabs, Jews, and the formation of the Chilean middle classes, 1930-1960 / Claudia Stern -- The untold history: voices of non-affiliated Jews in Chile, 1940-1990 / Valeria Navarro-Rosenblatt -- The other as a mirror: representation of Jews and Palestinians on Argentinian and Chilean television screens / Gabriela Jonas Aharoni -- In the land of Vitzliputzli: German-speaking Jews in Latin America / Liliana Ruth Feierstein -- Epilogue: the centesimal Nisman / David M.K. Sheinin.

The Concept of Health in Immunology and Infection Biology: Nine Opportunities for the Future. Looking at our individual immune systems, one might get the impression that health is mostly a personal matter. However, infection biology immediately points to the fact that health is the outcome of a global joint effort undertaken not only by all humans, but actually by all living beings. From the very large to the very small, health is based on a fragile balance and the successful collaboration of numerous single entities in a highly sensitive and complex network that connects our innermost world with that of the outside. Diseases have been with us forever, and in the course of time, they shaped our political and cultural community. Yet, they also are one of the main drivers of evolutionary development. In that capacity, they have promoted progress from simple life forms to complex beings, i. e., ourselves. Thus, health can also be seen as the product of innumerable tiny coincidences. Politics, academia and society should ensure prevention of future detrimental (or harmful) coincidences with such tragic outcomes.

Abstract. Recurrent extreme landscape fire episodes associated with
drought events in Indonesia pose severe environmental, societal and economic
threats. The ability to predict severe fire episodes months in advance would
enable relevant agencies and communities to more effectively initiate fire-preventative measures and mitigate fire impacts. While dynamic seasonal
climate predictions are increasingly skilful at predicting fire-favourable
conditions months in advance in Indonesia, there is little evidence that
such information is widely used yet by decision makers. In this study, we move beyond forecasting fire risk based on drought
predictions at seasonal timescales and (i) develop a probabilistic early
fire warning system for Indonesia (ProbFire) based on a multilayer perceptron
model using ECMWF SEAS5 (fifth-generation seasonal forecasting system) dynamic climate forecasts together with forest
cover, peatland extent and active-fire datasets that can be operated on a
standard computer; (ii) benchmark the performance of this new system for the
2002–2019 period; and (iii) evaluate the potential economic benefit of such integrated forecasts for Indonesia. ProbFire's event probability predictions outperformed climatology-only based
fire predictions at 2- to 4-month lead times in south Kalimantan, south
Sumatra and south Papua. In central Sumatra, an improvement was observed
only at a 0-month lead time, while in west Kalimantan seasonal predictions did
not offer any additional benefit over climatology-only-based predictions. We
(i) find that seasonal climate forecasts coupled with the fire probability
prediction model confer substantial benefits to a wide range of stakeholders
involved in fire management in Indonesia and (ii) provide a blueprint for
future operational fire warning systems that integrate climate predictions
with non-climate features.

This paper discusses the process of including a multi-perspective view on stakeholders' needs into a specific project, namely the European project ActiveAdvice. It highlights the factors supporting and hindering the development and the implementation of the ActiveAdvice platform – as an integrated communication tool targeted at bridging the gaps between AAL stakeholders by facilitating cooperation and information exchange – regarding user requirements, preferences, acceptances and expectations. For this, a qualitative study was carried out, taking into account not only the older adults as primary end-users but the whole AAL stakeholder ecosystem. 23 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders of different groups – older adults and their relatives, business as well as government representatives – were conducted. The results show that even though different stakeholders can have conflicting needs, e.g. regarding online communication or feedback, those can be integrated into the requirements analysis, thus including the whole stakeholder ecosystem in the designing process. Furthermore, all three included stakeholder groups agree on the importance of raising awareness of AAL solutions, technologies and products. In including not only consumers but other secondary and tertiary stakeholders as well, ActiveAdvice has the chance to reach a broader audience and thus raise public awareness of AAL.

AbstractEmpirical evidence on the benefits of international ownership for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) financial performance is either not available for most African and Middle Eastern countries or presents mixed results. In this paper, we investigate this further by examining the effects of ownership structure on firm performance, using financial data covering SMEs in 60 African and Middle Eastern countries, for the years 2006–2015. Results from pooled ordinary least squares and random‐effects estimations indicate that international ownership is significantly positively correlated with firm performance for (most of) Africa and the Middle East. Examining the interaction of international ownership with capital resources, we find that internationally owned firms do not use capital more efficiently than locally owned firms, implying that internationally owned firms use international resources—other than capital—more efficiently.