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European countries, when they reached a political consensus that the government should act to influence the location of industry, in order to stem internal population migration, were able to enact strong & effective programs. Embraced under the term 'regional policy,' they included both incentive & disincentive measures. The US, in contrast, was unable to translate a similar political consensus, reached in the late 1960s & early 1970s, into effective policy. The American policy-making process failed for four reasons: (1) an inferior level of bureaucratic capability, due to the 'politicization' & 'amateurization' of the bureaucracy, (2) a lower level of bureaucratic discipline, leading to sabotage of Presidential policy by his own appointees, (3) an unfavorable institutional environment for planning, arising from the separation of powers, & (4) the absence in the US of party discipline. The relative conservatism of American social & economic policies may be due less to the peculiar American historical experience or special traits of the American character than to the structure of American policy-making institutions. AA.

Based on his recently published book, "Dynamics of the party system.".