Effective fiscal decentralization carried out since 10 years ago, one side gives greater authority in managing the area, but on the other side raises new problems. This is because the level of fiscal readiness of different areas. Increased authority possessed by local governments is expected to increase the independence of the region by maximizing the potentials in order to stimulate economic growth. This study aims to test how much capital expenditure and regional own revenue affect regional sufficiency and economic growth. This research obtained the result that capital expenditures did not significantly affect the regional sufficiency, while regional own revenue has a positive and significant impact on regional sufficiency. This research also obtains the results that capital expenditure, regional own revenue, and regional sufficiency did not significantly influence economic growth.
To date, performance of the management of Indonesian production forests are discouraging. The concession areas, timber production and employment have been decreasing over time. concern on these matter and to improve management, a research was conducted for six years (2008-2013) and resulted in recommendations to implement the Multi-System of Silviculture (MSS) systems. Two products were generated in MSS; criteria and indicator to guide the selection of appropriate silvicultural system and supersilvik, a model to develop the best business plans. This paper evaluates and strengthens the recommendations through the simulation of MSS products in PT. Sarmiento Parakantja Timber (Sarpatim), Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Various data variables were used, such as thematic maps of forest areas, data of stand, materials, equipments, labors, finances and incomes. Data were processed in a variety of formulations which were connected to each other in model systems to produce a variety of outcomes, such as production, finance, employment and tax contributions. Results offer four options to improve PT. Sarpatim performance, one of which is the best choice. Compared to the former business model under limited silvicultural systems, MSS projected an increase in the use of land, timber production and employment by 151-753%. Implementing MSS will provide a better and healthier finance for company with an increase of NPV up to 193%; as well as for government tax revenues with an increase up to 308%. This MSS case study strongly suggests using the new theory that the management of production forests is a land and plant-based enterprises, which should put the land as the major capital and silvicultural aspects as the driving engine for production. The policy makers should be able to use these results as a reference in implementing MSS widely as part of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) practices.
This paper aims to provide an overview based on the literatures regarding the development of the study of policy dynamics research in the field of public administration. The study aims to answer the research question, "What is the theoretical and conceptual framework of "policy dynamics" in the contemporary discourse of current public administration?". The method used is a bibliometric analysis and semi-systematic literature review in the form of a literature review of international publications published between 1990 and 2020, sourced from the Google Scholar database. The sixty articles that are most relevant in terms of Article title, Abstract, and Keywords (journal articles: 55 papers and Conferences proceedings: 5 papers) are chosen for analysis. As a result, policy dynamics can be grouped into three categories: policy dynamics as historical institutionalism, policy dynamics as policy change, and policy dynamics as policy evolution. This study concludes that policy dynamics is the evolution of policy changes, where these changes have implications for the policies of a regime/government on institutions, actors, and systems within a certain period. This concept manifests in the five new clusters in the definition of policy dynamics, which include regime/government change, institutional change/transformation, changes in issue, direction and content of policy, actor's role and existence, and policy object inputs and outputs.
Pengelolaan konflik yang telah banyak dilakukan cendrung bersifat reaktif dan jangka pendek karena hanya cendrung merespon permasalahan konflik yang nampak dipermukaan dan bersifat sekunder saja sehingga secara sporadis dapat muncul kembali. Oleh karena itu, penanganan konflik yang bersifat jangka panjang untuk bisa mencegah dan meredam konflik yang terjadi merupakan suatu hal yang sangat urgen untuk dilakukan oleh semua pihak termasuk lembaga perguruan tinggi. Secara umum di Kabupaten Bone telah terjadi konflik yang dilatar belakangi berbagai macam faktor seperti permasalahan tanah, politik bahkan terkait dengan nilai agama dan kepercayaan. Sebagai mitra dalam kegiatan ini adalah pemerintah dan masyarakat Desa di Kabupaten Bone. Sehingga melalui pelatihan pengelolaan konflik ini akan menghasilkan suatu dokumen pengelolaan konflik. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan April sampai dengan September 2019 yang dimulai dari perumusan proposal sampai dengan penyusunan laporan akhir kegiatan. Solusi dan metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini adalah pemberian pengetahuan dan pemahaman melalui ceramah dan tanya jawab, praktek melakukan pemetaan potensi konflik dengan alat yang disiapkan serta merumuskan langkah-langkah pengelolaan konflik yang berpotensi terjadi di masyarakat.
Pine forests in South Sulawesi are evidence of the success of the government's reforestation program. The purpose of this study was to describe a map of the distribution of pine forests and their role in improving forest conditions in South Sulawesi Province. Mapping of the distribution of pine forests through an overlay of village administrative maps that have pine potential based on information from informants with maps of forest areas. An analysis of changes in land cover and land use to determine the role of pine forests in improving forest conditions, in locations identified as having pine forest potential. We find that the potential for pine forests is spread across 18 districts/cities in South Sulawesi Province. Furthermore, pine forests planted in reforestation programs have improved forest cover conditions. The choice of pine species that provide economic benefits makes people tend to maintain pine stands because they can be used as a source of livelihood.
At this time the advancement of technology is so very fast. Almost all sectors of life take advantage of these technological advances. From the fields of economy, education, to the field of government, there is no exception for lower-level government services, namely the Rukun Tetangga who can also take advantage of this technological advancement in their services. In the neighborhood of RT 007, the services provided are still manual, for this reason, a design for the creation of a citizen information system that helps in the service process will be carried out. Making this website application uses the Rapid Application Development method in its development and this application is also built using the Codeigniter 3 framework and website-based Bootstrap. To build this system the programming languages used are HTML, PHP, JAVASCRIPT and CSS. This website application that was built aims to make it easier for residents to submit cover letters, make it easier to share RT cash financial information, and also make it easier for Leader RT to make reports. Tests carried out by this application use Black Box Testing which is centered on the input process or input only.
The purpose of the study with the title the impact of Pontianak City waterfront development on changes in aspects of community life around the banks of the Kapuas river, by taking the issue of how the economic situation of the community around before and after the construction of Waterfront Pontianak City and how the impact of the development of Pontianak City waterfront on aspects of community life around the banks of the river Kapuas. This research method is a descriptive qualitative approach, using interview and observation techniques. The results showed that the changes that occurred after the development of Waterfront Pontianak City experienced positive and negative impacts. Where these changes occur in economic aspects and social welfare. Changes in the economic aspects, namely they feel the income they get increased from before this development. But for the sake of the construction of the Waterfront Pontianak City, the government demolished the houses of residents around the banks of the Kapuas river. So this causes the pros and cons of the community because the community feels that the compensation given by the government is not what they expected.
Abstrak Program Pemerintah pembangunan sarana transportasi yaitu pavingisasi yang saat ini sedang berjalan sampai ke plosok desa. Pabrikan perlu melakukan efisiensi dan inovasi terkait bahan material yang digunakan untuk menekan biaya produksi agar harga paving stone dapat bersaing dipasaran. Pada saat ini fly ash telah banyak diproduksi dalam kemasan yang lebih efisien dan mudah didapatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan biaya produksi yang optimal dari komposisi optimal paving stone K-350 dengan menggunakan fly ash sebagai bahan substitusi semen yang kuat tekan, ketahanan aus, dan penyerapan air yang disyaratkan pada SNI 03-0691-1996. Hasil penelitian ini dilakukan pada enam komposisi dengan mengsubstitusikan semen dengan fly ash pada prosentase 0%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% dari berat semen dengan melalui tahapan pengujian material penyusun, mix design, pengujian paving stone pada umur 28 hari dan perhitungan biaya produksi. Analisis biaya produksi paling optimal dilakukan dengan menghitung biaya terendah dengan komposisi substitusi terbesar yang memenuhi SNI 03-0691-1996 paving stone Mutu A. Komposisi substitusi semen dengan fly ash yang paling optimal pada komposisi substitusi 25% memiliki kuat tekan sebesar 367,76 kg/cm2, ketahanan aus sebesar 0,080 mm/menit, dan penyerapan air sebesar 2,15% termasuk dalam klasifikasi paving stone mutu A yang digunakan untuk jalan dengan biaya produksi sebesar Rp. 51.574,02 per m2 (43 biji). Kata Kunci: paving stone mutu A, fly ash, dan biaya produksi. Abstract The Program Of Government on developing transportation facilities using Paving Stone as materials has been spreading throughout villages. The Pabrict need to be more efficiency and more innovative regarding the using of materials in order to descending the production cost so it can be competitive in the market. Nowadays, fly ash has been producing in many packaging so it can be more efficiently and easy to get the product. The Purpose of this research is to gain optimum cost of production paving stone K-350 by using fly ash as substitute material for cement and to determine the optimum composition of fly ash as substitution material. The indicator of this research goals is the quality paving stone (grade A) which will showing in Compressive Strength, Abration Strength, Water Absorption on 28 days as listed in SNI 03-0691-1996. This research used 6 (six) compotition of fly ash at percentage 0%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% from cement weight by passing the testing phase of constituent material, mix design, paving stone testing at 28 days and calculation of production cost. The most optimal production cost analysis is done by calculating the lowest cost with the largest substitution composition as listed in SNI 03-0691-1996 paving stone Mutu A. As result of this research determined that 25% fly ash as substitute material is the most optimum composition. The composition of 25% fly ash, showed the compressive strength at 367,76 Kg/ cm2 ; abration strength at 0,080 mm/ minute ; water absorption at 2,15% which means that production composition qualify for paving stone grade A. Besides that the composition of 25% fly ash as substitute material determine the production cost IDR 51.574,02 per square meters (43 pcs) which means it still can be competitive in the market. Keywords: paving stone grade A, fly ash, and cost of production
Many developing countries attained high growth rates in different periods but income differences did not reduce significantly in these periods due to increase in income inequalities. Therefore, the key objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between income differences, trade and institutions in developing countries. This study has used panel data of the year 2000 to 2014 to explore the relationship between these variables. This study is based on sampling of two groups; 25 middle income countries and 24 low income countries. Pooled OLS, panel fixed effect and Driscoll and Kraay techniques were used in this study. The results showed the negative relations of imports, a significant role of political institutions and insignificant role of economic institutions in income distribution with GDP per capita among low income and middle-income countries. Moreover, the current study suggested that governments in developing countries should focus upon improving the performance of political and economic institutions in order to improve their prospects of getting investment opportunities.
First year of three year plan of Community Empowerment Program through Student Community Services (SCS) of Gadjah Mada University was conducted in Pinogu Subdistrict, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province in 2013. Pinogu is located on top of hill and reserved as the National Park of Bogani Nani Wartabone and this protects some endangered species, such as Tarsiers and Megapodon birds. As the most remote area, Pinogu had not been touched equally by the central government, therefore it was less developed. Pinogu had been popular with coffee plantations since Dutch colonial periods. This plantations was now too old and became forest. This SCS Program was designed to empowered local people for agribusiness including rejuvenate coffee plantation and coffee production and to educate local people to be aware of local biodiversity and understand how to conserve the most endangered species, Tarsiers and Maleo. Twenty one of UGM students from different study programs had been coached and trained priorly by Field Instructure within 3 months with the SCS-thematic programs and leadership; then they were mobilized to Pinogu and stayed for 2 months conducting the program. Two main programs out of 7 SCS thematic programs were successfully conducted during SCS activity in Pinogu, Bone Bolango Regency. Coffee agribusiness programs from up stream to down stream processes were trained to local community who interested in coffee production twice a week by students and biodiversity conservation was tought to junior high school students. These SCS program achievements were including establishment of anursary, improvement of local people skills in manage coffee plantation, selection of mature seed, seed drying, and good coffee processing, and also establishment of a coffee producing community. Conservation education on local endemic and endangered species—Megapodon birds (M. Maleo) and Tarsiers (T. Spectrum)—to junior high school students was attracting some students who were really interested in learning more about fauna conservation and improve student awareness on endemic and endangered species as the main icon for foreign tourists who visited Bone Bolango. The success of the SCS-UGM programs were contributed by sinergy of university and the local government financial support and students and field instructure commitment.
First year of three year plan of Community Empowerment Program through Student Community Services (SCS) of Gadjah Mada University was conducted in Pinogu Subdistrict, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province in 2013. Pinogu is located on top of hill and reserved as the National Park of Bogani Nani Wartabone and this protects some endangered species, such as Tarsiers and Megapodon birds. As the most remote area, Pinogu had not been touched equally by the central government, therefore it was less developed. Pinogu had been popular with coffee plantations since Dutch colonial periods. This plantations was now too old and became forest. This SCS Program was designed to empowered local people for agribusiness including rejuvenate coffee plantation and coffee production and to educate local people to be aware of local biodiversity and understand how to conserve the most endangered species, Tarsiers and Maleo. Twenty one of UGM students from different study programs had been coached and trained priorly by Field Instructure within 3 months with the SCS-thematic programs and leadership; then they were mobilized to Pinogu and stayed for 2 months conducting the program. Two main programs out of 7 SCS thematic programs were successfully conducted during SCS activity in Pinogu, Bone Bolango Regency. Coffee agribusiness programs from up stream to down stream processes were trained to local community who interested in coffee production twice a week by students and biodiversity conservation was tought to junior high school students. These SCS program achievements were including establishment of anursary, improvement of local people skills in manage coffee plantation, selection of mature seed, seed drying, and good coffee processing, and also establishment of a coffee producing community. Conservation education on local endemic and endangered species—Megapodon birds (M. Maleo) and Tarsiers (T. Spectrum)—to junior high school students was attracting some students who were really interested in learning more about fauna conservation and improve student awareness on endemic and endangered species as the main icon for foreign tourists who visited Bone Bolango. The success of the SCS-UGM programs were contributed by sinergy of university and the local government financial support and students and field instructure commitment.
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) is one of the significant roles in national economic development. It is seemly followed by the rise of employment absorbent and equity in income distribution. The capital constraint and the impedance of banking financial access have become the main problem to the Small and Medium entrepreneurs. The objectives of this research are to identify the main factors as problems of Small and Medium Enterprises in having access to the financial institutions, and also to find out the solutions of the research problems. This research uses qualitative approach i.e. Analytic Network Process (ANP). Through applying this method, it is expected to help the researchers in making measurement and synthesis of some factors regarding on the topic analyzed as well as finding the solution for problems faced by the SMEs. The resources of the data is derived from questionnaires and in-depth interview with experts, practitioners, SMEs and regulators which then analyzed by the structure and hierarchy into homogen clusters of the SMEs problems and solutions, measuring into ratio scale and building synthesis. As the result, it becomes clear what factors impeding the financial access of the SMEs to banks. The results of this research show that the difficulties of SMEs in accessing financial support in Islamic financial institutions are internal problems of Islamic banking i.e. lack of financial assistance given to the SMEs, the functions of Islamic banking as business partners for SMEs is not optimal. Whereas the external problems in the SMEs are the disability in meeting the financial requirements asked by Islamic banking that are collateral and business history. The internal solutions are Islamic banking must give business mentoring to SMEs that have received financial supports to minimalize the bad credits level. The external solution is the government must also socialize Islamic financial mechanism to SMEs as part of education efforts.
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) is one of the significant roles in national economic development. It is seemly followed by the rise of employment absorbent and equity in income distribution. The capital constraint and the impedance of banking financial access have become the main problem to the Small and Medium entrepreneurs. The objectives of this research are to identify the main factors as problems of Small and Medium Enterprises in having access to the financial institutions, and also to find out the solutions of the research problems. This research uses qualitative approach i.e. Analytic Network Process (ANP). Through applying this method, it is expected to help the researchers in making measurement and synthesis of some factors regarding on the topic analyzed as well as finding the solution for problems faced by the SMEs. The resources of the data is derived from questionnaires and in-depth interview with experts, practitioners, SMEs and regulators which then analyzed by the structure and hierarchy into homogen clusters of the SMEs problems and solutions, measuring into ratio scale and building synthesis. As the result, it becomes clear what factors impeding the financial access of the SMEs to banks. The results of this research show that the difficulties of SMEs in accessing financial support in Islamic financial institutions are internal problems of Islamic banking i.e. lack of financial assistance given to the SMEs, the functions of Islamic banking as business partners for SMEs is not optimal. Whereas the external problems in the SMEs are the disability in meeting the financial requirements asked by Islamic banking that are collateral and business history. The internal solutions are Islamic banking must give business mentoring to SMEs that have received financial supports to minimalize the bad credits level. The external solution is the government must also socialize Islamic financial mechanism to SMEs as part of education efforts.
