Suchergebnisse

Räumliche Planung und Gesundheitswesen sind traditionell miteinander verknüpft und werden von den jeweils gesellschaftlich bestimmten Rahmenbedingungen, Zielsetzungen und städtebaulichen Leitvorstellungen geprägt. Diese schlagen sich in den institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen nieder. In dem abschließenden Kapitel werden Empfehlungen und Forderungen formuliert, um beide Politik- und Handlungsfelder zu qualifizieren. ; Spatial planning and public health are traditionally linked to each other and are characterised by socially determined frameworks, objectives and urban visions. These are reflected in the institutional framework. The concluding chapter formulates recommendations and demands in order to qualify both fields of policy and action.

AbstractIntroductionHIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam is increasing, while annual HIV testing uptake has remained consistently low, posing a significant challenge to reaching the 90‐90‐90 goals. Barriers to MSM seeking HIV testing include concerns regarding confidentiality and lack of convenient testing options. Two new HIV testing strategies—HIV lay provider and HIV self‐testing (HIVST)—were piloted alongside intensive social media outreach to increase access to and uptake of HIV testing among MSM not actively engaged in services.MethodsWe measured the proportion of first‐time MSM HIV testers opting for HIV lay or self‐testing, and factors that were associated with first‐time testing, as part of a larger HIV lay and self‐testing study among key populations in Vietnam. We also assessed MSM satisfaction with HIV lay or self‐testing, and testing location and provider preferences. Finally, we calculated linkage to care cascade among MSM that were diagnosed and enrolled in anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) services.ResultsAmong MSM that sought HIV lay and self‐testing, 57.9% (n = 320) and 51.3% (n = 412) were first‐time testers respectively. In the final adjusted models, the odds of being a first‐time tester and opting for HIV lay testing were higher among MSM who were young, had lower levels of income and had never exchanged sex for money; for HIVST, the odds of being a first‐time HIV tester were higher among MSM that had attained lower levels of education. HIV lay and self‐testing resulted in higher detection of new HIV cases (6.8%) compared to conventional HIV testing among key populations (estimated at 1.6% in 2016), while MSM linked to testing through social media interventions presented with even higher HIV‐positivity (11%). Combined, 1655 HIV cases were diagnosed and more than 90% were registered for ART services.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that MSM‐delivered HIV testing and self‐testing, promoted through online or face‐to‐face interactions, offer important additions to MSM HIV testing services in Vietnam, and could significantly contribute to epidemic control by increasing HIV testing among harder‐to‐reach and higher‐risk MSM, effectively enrolling them in ART, and reducing onward transmission.

National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) currently make limited use of parasite genetic data. We have developed GenRe-Mekong, a platform for genetic surveillance of malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) that enables NMCPs to implement large-scale surveillance projects by integrating simple sample collection procedures in routine public health procedures. Samples from symptomatic patients are processed by SpotMalaria, a high-throughput system that produces a comprehensive set of genotypes comprising several drug resistance markers, species markers and a genomic barcode. GenRe-Mekong delivers Genetic Report Cards, a compendium of genotypes and phenotype predictions used to map prevalence of resistance to multiple drugs. GenRe-Mekong has worked with NMCPs and research projects in eight countries, processing 9623 samples from clinical cases. Monitoring resistance markers has been valuable for tracking the rapid spread of parasites resistant to the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine combination therapy. In Vietnam and Laos, GenRe-Mekong data have provided novel knowledge about the spread of these resistant strains into previously unaffected provinces, informing decision-making by NMCPs. GenRe-Mekong provides detailed knowledge about drug resistance at a local level, and facilitates data sharing at a regional level, enabling cross-border resistance monitoring and providing the public health community with valuable insights. The project provides a rich open data resource to benefit the entire malaria community. The GenRe-Mekong project is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP11188166, OPP1204268). Genotyping and sequencing were funded by the Wellcome Trust (098051, 206194, 203141, 090770, 204911, 106698/B/14/Z) and Medical Research Council (G0600718). A proportion of samples were collected with the support of the UK Department for International Development (201900, M006212), and Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

This paper presents the methods that have participated in the SHREC'20 contest on retrieval of surface patches with similar geometric reliefs and the analysis of their performance over the benchmark created for this challenge. The goal of the context is to verify the possibility of retrieving 3D models only based on the reliefs that are present on their surface and to compare methods that are suitable for this task. This problem is related to many real world applications, such as the classification of cultural heritage goods or the analysis of different materials. To address this challenge, it is necessary to characterize the local "geometric pattern"information, possibly forgetting model size and bending. Seven groups participated in this contest and twenty runs were submitted for evaluation. The performances of the methods reveal that good results are achieved with a number of techniques that use different approaches. ; CNR-IMATI DIT.AD0 04.100 DIT.AD021.080.001 Vingroup Innovation Foundation (VINIF) VINIF.2019.DA19 Horizon 2020 programme of the European Union 813789 Proyecto de Mejoramiento y Ampliacin de los Servicios del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia Tecnolog.a e Innovacin Tecnolgica(Banco Mundial, Concytec) 062-2018-FONDECYT-BM-IADT-AV Millennium Institute Foundational Research on Data (IMFD)