American Economic Growth and Standards of Living before the Civil War
In: The economic history review, Band 47, Heft 3, S. 633
ISSN: 1468-0289
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In: The economic history review, Band 47, Heft 3, S. 633
ISSN: 1468-0289
In: Corruption and Reform, S. 343-372
The conceptual framework -- The natural state -- The natural state applied : English land law -- Open access orders -- Explaining the transition from limited to open access orders : the doorstep conditions -- The transition proper -- A new research agenda for the social sciences
In: Collezione di testi e studi
In: Economia
In: Journal of democracy, Band 20, Heft 1, S. 55-68
ISSN: 1045-5736
World Affairs Online
In: Journal of democracy, Band 20, Heft 1, S. 55-68
ISSN: 1086-3214
The problem of controlling the use of force and those who are best at wielding it is foundational to human collective life. For most of history, a social order that was relatively "closed" has seemed the most natural way to manage this problem. But over the past century or two, a transition from closed- to open-access orders has led to the emergence of societies with widespread political participation, the use of elections to select governments, constitutional arrangements to limit and define the powers of government, and unbiased application of the rule of law.
For most of history, a closed social order has seemed the most "natural" way to manage the problem of controlling the use of force. The rise of modern democracy can be understood only in the context of the transition to open-access orders.
In: NBER Working Paper No. w12795
SSRN
Working paper
In: Violence and Social Orders, S. 77-109
In: Violence and Social Orders, S. 251-272