Based on Lee's prior research on Daoism (Lee, 2003; Lee, 2004; Lee, Han, Byron and Fan, 2008; Lee and Hu, 1993; Lee, Norasakkunkit, Liu, Zhang and Zhou, 2008), this article first introduces Laozi, Dao, De and Daoism in relation to harmony. Then, Daoist harmony is elaborated in the following areas: (1) the yin-yang oneness, (2) the way it is (natural), (3) wei-wu-wei (or nonintervention), (4) water-like characteristics, (5) love for peace, and (6) tolerance and appreciation of differences. The article concludes with a suggestion for harmony with the external world as well as with fellow human beings.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy hinges largely on the CEO characteristics in the context of an emerging market. Based on a sample of 16,144 firm-year observations obtained from 1,370 unique Chinese-listed firms, which whether voluntarily issue CSR reports over the period 2008–2019, this paper empirically examined the impact of CEO characteristics on the likelihood of issuing CSR reports. We find that CEO age, MBA education, international experience and political ideology consciousness are positively associated with the possibility of issuing CSR reports, while a newly appointed CEO will decrease the likelihood of issuing CSR reports. Moreover, we consider a contingent factor, namely CEO power over the board, can significantly enhance the relationship between CEO age, political ideology consciousness, and the likelihood of issuing CSR reports. Furthermore, there's no significant evidence indicating that CEO power can moderate the relationship between MBA education, international experience, and the likelihood of issuing CSR reports. Nonetheless, CEO power moderates the negative relationship between a newly appointed CEO and CSR reporting initiatives. This study attaches understandings to the extant literature that how top management characteristics can shape firm CSR strategies.
Although several researchers have emphasized that top managers' social ties influence firms' economic activities, the links between microlevel personality factors and organization-level outcomes remain unclear. We examined how the social ties of top managers affect firm performance through the mediating mechanism of resource acquisition. We surveyed 253 top managers from Chinese firms and found that the social ties of top managers facilitated resource acquisition, which was, in turn, beneficial for firm performance. These findings indicate that the social ties of top managers play an important role in firms' activities, particularly resource acquisition and organizational performance. Study limitations are discussed and directions for future research are presented.
PURPOSE: China is facing various societal pressures owing to its rapidly aging population. In order to provide evidence-based suggestions to promote elderly care, this study investigated the community-based elderly care centres (CBECCs) in Chongqing of China, focusing on the site selections, physical environment, facilities, and operation. METHODS: All CBECCs in a district of Chongqing were analysed via a single-stage cluster sampling survey design. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: A total of 69 CBECCs (60 government-run and 9 collective-run centres) were identified and analysed. Most site selections were reasonable. CBECCs that were located inside of apartment complexes with entrance guards, not located on main roads, and near a market were more popular. Only 4 (13.3%) CBECCs that were not located on the ground floor were equipped with elevators. A small number of CBECCs were near a noise pollution (10.1%) or far from a medical institution (11.6%). Nearly half (42.7%) of CBECCs only had an indoor area of <200 m2. Nearly all CBECCs had sufficient ventilation, natural lighting, and sufficient floor-to-floor height. 51.5% and 88.4% of the CBECCs fully met the criteria of 'four rooms and one canteen' and 'eight functional zones', but no significant difference was found in terms of the number of people served per month between the CBECCs that met the criteria and those that did not. A quarter of the CBECCs were operated by part-time staff. Only half provided home services (54.5%). The median of average number of people they served every month was 100 (interquartile range = 10–300). CONCLUSION: Certain problems existed in the current CBECCs. Better elderly care especially calls for adequate elevator establishment, sufficient indoor and outdoor space, appropriate facilities and service, qualified managers and caregivers. A feasible and evidence-based plan to optimize the physical environment and facilities, functional layout and service provision is crucial to improve the CBECC service.
Ziyi Yang,1 Yi Jiang,2– 4 Min Wang,5 Huan Zeng2– 4 1The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; 2School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; 3Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; 4Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; 5North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huan ZengPostal Address: School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of ChinaTel/Fax + 86 23 65714388Email huanzeng@cqmu.edu.cnPurpose: China is facing various societal pressures owing to its rapidly aging population. In order to provide evidence-based suggestions to promote elderly care, this study investigated the community-based elderly care centres (CBECCs) in Chongqing of China, focusing on the site selections, physical environment, facilities, and operation.Methods: All CBECCs in a district of Chongqing were analysed via a single-stage cluster sampling survey design. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.Results: A total of 69 CBECCs (60 government-run and 9 collective-run centres) were identified and analysed. Most site selections were reasonable. CBECCs that were located inside of apartment complexes with entrance guards, not located on main roads, and near a market were more popular. Only 4 (13.3%) CBECCs that were not located on the ground floor were equipped with elevators. A small number of CBECCs were near a noise pollution (10.1%) or far from a medical institution (11.6%). Nearly half (42.7%) of CBECCs only had an indoor area of < 200 m2. Nearly all CBECCs had sufficient ventilation, natural lighting, and sufficient floor-to-floor height. 51.5% and 88.4% of the CBECCs fully met the criteria of 'four rooms and one canteen' and 'eight functional zones', but no significant difference was found in terms of the number of people served per month between the CBECCs that met the criteria and those that did not. A quarter of the CBECCs were operated by part-time staff. Only half provided home services (54.5%). The median of average number of people they served every month was 100 (interquartile range = 10– 300).Conclusion: Certain problems existed in the current CBECCs. Better elderly care especially calls for adequate elevator establishment, sufficient indoor and outdoor space, appropriate facilities and service, qualified managers and caregivers. A feasible and evidence-based plan to optimize the physical environment and facilities, functional layout and service provision is crucial to improve the CBECC service.Keywords: community-based elderly care centre, site selection, physical environment, facilities, cross-sectional survey, China
