Suchergebnisse

Corruption is a complex social process involving not only institutions & systems, but also individual actors. Corrupt transactions begin with two individuals, both dealing with excitatory & inhibitory forces. In a form of power relations, these two individuals exchange power resources. Since the transaction is sanctionable, the dyadic interaction must be performed with secret communication & trust. Social network theory is used to develop a model of how corrupt dyadic transactions expand into corrupt networks of resource exchange. Corruption prevention programs should include monitoring channels of communication between individuals with resource dependencies, targeting cases where public employees strongly share interests not in line with organizational interests, & conceptualizing corruption in terms of power flows & relations, not individual attributes. M. Pflum

Corruption is a complex social process involving not only institutions & systems, but also individual actors. Corrupt transactions begin with two individuals, both dealing with excitatory & inhibitory forces. In a form of power relations, these two individuals exchange power resources. Since the transaction is sanctionable, the dyadic interaction must be performed with secret communication & trust. Social network theory is used to develop a model of how corrupt dyadic transactions expand into corrupt networks of resource exchange. Corruption prevention programs should include monitoring channels of communication between individuals with resource dependencies, targeting cases where public employees strongly share interests not in line with organizational interests, & conceptualizing corruption in terms of power flows & relations, not individual attributes. M. Pflum

AbstractDebate about states and markets in the Bronze Age world has directed attention away from their roles and thus away from the way these economies functioned. The ancient Egyptian state assigned fields to its dependents and stimulated demand by spending and taxation. Markets and market forces were responsible for the allocation and distribution of materials in the ancient Near East from the end of the third millennium. Growth did not result from technological improvement or market competition so much as from demand stimulus, as in the modern world, suggesting that demand is more important than supply.