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Describes the US' increasingly close strategic ties with Islam Karimov's authoritarian regime in Uzbekistan as part of the war against terrorism; argues that Karimov's repressive rule fosters Islamic extremism and instability throughout the region and proposes a multilateral US policy that will engage all of the Central Asian states.

The literature on resource-rich states leaves a key and prior question unexplored: Why and how do states choose to develop their natural resources? The authors address this gap by explaining the divergence in oil and gas development strategies in five energy-rich Soviet successor states. The authors argue that leaders choose development strategies based on the domestic constraints they face when they either discover or gain newfound authority over their resource endowments: (a) the availability of alternative sources of export revenue and (b) the level of political contestation. Where leaders enjoy a high degree of access to alternative export revenue and a low level of contestation, they choose to nationalize their energy sector and to minimize international involvement. Where leaders face a low degree of access to alternative export revenue and a high level of contestation, they privatize their energy sector with direct international involvement. This argument also accurately predicts initial energy development strategies in several other developing countries.

The literature on resource-rich states leaves a key & prior question unexplored: Why & how do states choose to develop their natural resources? The authors address this gap by explaining the divergence in oil & gas development strategies in five energy-rich Soviet successor states. The authors argue that leaders choose development strategies based on the domestic constraints they face when they either discover or gain newfound authority over their resource endowments: (a) the availability of alternative sources of export revenue & (b) the level of political contestation. Where leaders enjoy a high degree of access to alternative export revenue & a low level of contestation, they choose to nationalize their energy sector & to minimize international involvement. Where leaders face a low degree of access to alternative export revenue & a high level of contestation, they privatize their energy sector with direct international involvement. This argument also accurately predicts initial energy development strategies in several other developing countries. 3 Tables, 75 References. Adapted from the source document.

Die Verfasserinnen setzen sich kritisch mit der Rolle nicht-staatlicher Organisationen im Energie- und Umweltbereich in Kasachstan auseinander. Sie geben zunächst einen Überblick über Entstehen, Bedeutung und politische Strategien dieser Organisationen in Kasachstan. Im Mittelpunkt ihrer Kritik steht im folgenden der Einfluss, den nicht-staatliche Organisationen aus dem Westen auf nicht-staatliche Organisationen "vor Ort" in Kasachstan haben. Die Verfasserinnen zeigen, dass dieser Einfluss politische Strategien begünstigt, die sowohl die politische Bedeutung nicht-staatlicher Organisationen in Kasachstan als auch den Aufbau einer Zivilgesellschaft unterminieren. Viele nicht-staatliche Organisationen in Kasachstan orientieren sich in ihrer Umweltpolitik eher an breit angelegten internationalen Kampagnen als an den fundamentalen Gegebenheiten und Problemstellungen in ihrem Land. (BIOst-Wpt)