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This paper stems from a concern with how women are linguistically excluded in organizations. The paper will focus mainly on the form of language associated with technical change. Using research data the paper explores how metaphors are used within organizations which are in the process of adopting new technical systems, and what their use achieves. It is argued that men seek, knowingly or unknowingly, to facilitate the technological change process by drawing upon linguistic resources which reproduce relations of power. These resources are constituted as discourses of "battle," "maleness," and of "religious evangelism," expressed through metaphor. The language also serves the function of providing a vehicle for change; it marks out the "rules" as to how change is to be achieved; it not only helps differentiate "saints" from the "sinners" but helps re-enforce the power and all-encompassing dominance of male ideology in organizations. Language creates a reality which is gender-biased.

The argument in this article is put from the standpoint that employers continually need to exercise control in order to realise the capacity of employees at work. One technique for achieving this is the quality circle, a mechanism which is often celebrated in much of the managerial literature. Based on research in a US‐owned company in the vehicle industry, a number of the assumptions which underpin the activity of quality circles are unearthed; in particular, whether employees will automatically be willing to contribute their ideas in the context of inequality in the employment relationship is questioned.

SummaryThe recognition of which girls are at risk of becoming pregnant before the age of 16 years is of interest to legal, educational, social and medical services. In this paper a large amount of data, available for a total population of schoolgirls, has been used to show that prediction is indeed possible. It was found that compared to a group of girls matched on a number of sociodemographic characteristics, those who became pregnant during adolescence were more likely to have been academic underachievers at age 11, to have made an appearance in a juvenile court, and to have been referred to a child guidance or psychiatric clinic at an early age. Difficulties over matching also suggest that they are more likely to have five or more siblings, to be illegitimate and to have mothers who were themselves teenagers at the time of their daughter's birth.

Cover ; Contents ; Front Matter ; Title Page ; Note ; Publisher Information ; Preface ; Professionalism and Ethics ; Introduction; What is professionalism?; A question of ethics; Patient-centred professionalism; The professional within the team ; Professionalism and the individual ; The dental nurse as manager; The continuing journey; Afterword; Back Matter ; Also Available