Suchergebnisse

Military and industrial activities have lead to reported release of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4DNT) into soil, groundwater or surface water. It has been reported that 2,4DNT can induce toxic effects on humans and other organisms. However the mechanism of 2,4DNT induced toxicity is still unclear. Although a series of methods for gene network construction have been developed, few instances of applying such technology to generate pathway connected networks have been reported. Results Microarray analyses were conducted using liver tissue of rats collected 24h after exposure to a single oral gavage with one of five concentrations of 2,4DNT. We observed a strong dose response of differentially expressed genes after 2,4DNT treatment. The most affected pathways included: long term depression, breast cancer regulation by stathmin1, WNT Signaling; and PI3K signaling pathways. In addition, we propose a new approach to construct pathway connected networks regulated by 2,4DNT. We also observed clear dose response pathway networks regulated by 2,4DNT. Conclusions We developed a new method for constructing pathway connected networks. This new method was successfully applied to microarray data from liver tissue of 2,4DNT exposed animals and resulted in the identification of unique dose responsive biomarkers in regards to affected pathways.

SUMMARY: What is already known on this topic? Clusters of COVID-19 cases often happened in small settings (e.g., families, offices, school, or workplaces) that facilitate person-to-person virus transmission, especially from a common exposure. What is added by this report? On January 10 and 11, 2021, an individual gave three product promotional lectures in Tonghua City, Jilin Province, that ultimately led to a 74-case cluster of COVID-19. Our investigation determined the outbreak to be an import-related COVID-19 superspreading cluster event in which elderly, retired people were exposed to the infected individual during his promotional lectures, which were delivered in a confined space and lasted several hours. What are the implications for public health practice? Routine activities, such as attending a lecture in a classroom, can provide an environment conducive to COVID-19 superspreading events because respiratory viruses can spread easily and widely. We suggest local government to strengthen infection control management, reduce unnecessary indoor large gathering activities, and promote wearing of masks, especially during wintertime in the north of China. Health education for elderly people should promote use of effective personal protection and emphasize the importance of wearing masks.

Introduction: Class and Stratification in the People's Republic of China - Yingjie Guo, S. 1. - PART I HISTORY. - 1. Reconfiguring China's Class Order after the 1949 Revolution - Joel Andreas, S. 21. - 2. The Cultural Revolution: Class, Culture and Revolution - Mobo Gao, S. 44. - 3. Class and Inequality in the Post-Mao Era - Li Chunling, S. 59. - PART II DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND CLASS FORMATION. - 4. State Power as a Determinant of Life Chances - Yingjie Gao, S. 85. - 5. Cultural Politics of Class: Workers and Peasants as Historical Subjects - Wanning Sun, S. 107. - 6. Women's Social Mobility in China: Marriage and Class - Song Yu, S. 128. - 7. Ethnic Minority Status, Class, and the Urban Labour Market - Reza Hasmath, S. 142. - PART III WELFARE INDEXES. - 8. Education, Social Stratification and Class in China - Liang Du, S. 161. - 9. The High School Entrance Exam And/As Class Sorter: Working Class Youth and the HSEE in Contemporary China - T. E. Woronov, S. 178. - 10. Housing China's Inequality - Luigi Tomba, S. 197. - 11. Class, Stratification and Health Inequities in Contemporary China - Beatriz Carrillo Garcia, S. 213. - PART IV THE RULING CLASS. - 12. China's Emerging Ruling Class: Power, Wealth, and Status under Market Socialism - David S. G. Goodman, S. 243. - 13. China's Top Leading Cadres: More Red, Expert, or Gold? - Peng Lu, S. 262. - PART V MIDDLE CLASSES. - 14. Transformation of China's Socialist Brick: Reproduction and Circulation of Ordinary Cadres - Peng Lu, S. 279. - 15. The Growth of Chinese Professionals: A New Middle Class in the Making - Zhuoni Zhang and Xiaogang Wu, S. 292. - 16. China's Private Entrepreneurs and the Party-state: Mutual Dependence and Political Institutionalization - Minglu Chen, S. 314. - PART VI WORKING CLASSES. - 17. Working Class Re-formation and De-formation in the PRC - Marc Blecher, S. 335. - 18. China's Rural Migrant Workers and Labour Politics - Jenny Chan and Mark Selden, S. 362. - 19. A Predictable End? C