Suchergebnisse

China's sustained rapid economic growth in the post-1978 reform era, which is also the era of capitalist globalization, is of worldwide importance. This growth experience has been based mainly on China's internal dynamics. In the first half of the era, economic growth was driven by improvement in both allocative efficiency and productive efficiency. From the early 1990s until the present time, however, economic growth has been increasingly based on dynamic increasing returns associated with a growth path that is characterized by capital deepening. In both periods, the growth paths and their associated institutional frameworks appear to contradict principles of the free market economy: the mainstream doctrines of globalization. In the form of an analytical overview, this paper seeks to explain and interpret the dynamics and developmental implications of China's economic transformation. The analytics draws on a range of relevant economic theories including Marxian theory of capital accumulation, post-Keynesian theory of demand determination, and Schumpeterian theory of innovation. It is posited that these alternative theoretical perspectives offer better insights than mainstream neoclassical economics in explaining and interpreting China's economic transformation.JEL classificationO14, O53, P36,

This article deals with the peculiarities of the teacher's interaction with the Russian and Chinese student audiences in the process of teaching in the higher education system of the Russian Federation. Russian and Chinese students' audience features were analyzed in terms of using these features in the professional activity of a teacher teaching Russian and Chinese students both individually and as part of mixed groups. The author highlights the following as the main features of Chinese students: collectivism, respect for elders, fear of "losing one's face", good memory, tendency to memorize the material, orientation to the fact that the teacher is always right, compliance with the principles of subordination, different from Russian practice, ambiguous attitude to non-traditional forms of classroom instruction, positive attitude to the use of electronic learning tools. Russian and Chinese students are also given a comparative description from the point of view of the peculiarities of the mentality of the representatives of Chinese and Russian linguoculture. It is concluded that a university teacher who takes into account the peculiarities of the Chinese audience will be able to structure the educational process in such a way that all the peculiarities of the mentality of Chinese students will be taken into account. The author also concludes that the due regard of the Russian and Chinese students' national characteristics will make it possible to teach effectively in mixed student groups. The final paragraphs present possible prospects for further research into the peculiarities of teacher interaction with Russian and Chinese student audiences at the current stage of the development of the higher education system of the Russian Federation.

This study investigates whether and how the CEOs' political spending choice is associated with their earnings management behavior. Using a sample of 8,502 firm-year observations from S&P 500 firms during 1993–2012 over 10 election cycles, we provide empirical evidence that CEOs making political spending mainly through the corporate channel to recipients advised by the firms' own political action committees engage in less earnings management than those making political spending mainly through the private channel to their own selected recipients. This finding suggests that CEOs' political spending choice of the private channel over the corporate channel represents their strong self-interests and is associated with higher agency costs. We further show that the distinction between the two channels is less important when the CEOs' private political spending patterns are aligned with those of their own firms. Our results are robust to techniques alleviating the potential endogeneity issue related to political spending behavior.

ObjectiveThis research employs the phenotypic prototypicality framework to makes a connection between African‐American voters' perceptions of African‐American women candidates' appearances and candidate evaluations in contests with limited information. The primary focus is on the candidates' skin tone and hair texture.MethodsThe data consist of a convenience sample of 672 African‐American students from a Historically Black University in the Deep South. An experimental research design was employed to test whether African‐American candidates who possessed phenotypes that mirrored the prototypical African American were perceived differently when compared to those with more Eurocentric features. Each subject was randomly exposed to a stimulus that consisted of a brief campaign platform and an image of a light or dark woman donning either straight hair, twist outs or dreadlocks. Those subjects in the control group were exposed to an image of a dark male with short hair.ResultsAfrican‐American students found the dark candidates to be more attractive when compared to their lighter counterparts, regardless of hairstyles. Candidates who possessed the prototypical Afrocentric appearance (i.e., dark skin and/or textured hair) were found to be more supportive of Historically Black Colleges and Universities, progressive policies and were perceived to be more hardworking, when compared to their lighter counterparts. Light‐skinned women, regardless of hairstyles, were perceived to be less supportive of Black Nationalist views.ConclusionThe findings here run counter to the conventional wisdom associated with colorism, whereby African Americans have been deemed to possess self‐hatred by possessing a more positive bias toward women with a lighter hue and straight hair. In recent years, due to such events as police shootings of unarmed African‐Americans and the Black Lives Matter movement, Black Millennials have become more aware of the oppression and discrimination faced by many African Americans. This heightened level of consciousness, in tandem with the fact that they were born during an era when natural hairstyles were being popularized, has led them to embrace the aesthetic revolution that includes appreciating their melanated skin and kinky hair.

The society has been experiencing a series of changes during the last decades that have made it more heterogeneous, technologically and digitally more dependent, more unstable at work and more unequal. There are some authors who even speak of a "change of era" (Subirats, 2019). The political and social pressure of this phenomenon is also coming to school. The school, as an intermediation space (Moll, 2014; Vila & Esteban-Guitart, 2017; Subirats, 2019), needs to be updated and regenerated if it does not want to be outdated. However, this update has to be accompanied by solutions such as recognizing the identities of the learners in contexts of heterogeneity or betting on educational practices that help build the agency and the critical vision of the students. To do this, opening the school to the territory by betting on the interrelation between educational, social and cultural components can help it respond again to the demands that society asks for. Next, we present three proposals that go in the direction of moving towards educational experiences where the school, and different agents of its surroundings, participate jointly in the solution and improvement of the learning processes of the apprentices ; La sociedad ha ido experimentando una serie de cambios durante las últimas décadas que la han hecho más heterogénea, tecnológica y digitalmente más dependiente, más inestable laboralmente y más desigual. Hay algunos autores que hablan incluso de un "cambio de época" (Subirats, 2019). La presión política y social de este fenómeno, está llegando también a la escuela. La escuela, como espacio de intermediación (Moll, 2014; Vila & Esteban-Guitart, 2017; Subirats, 2019), es necesario que se actualice y regenere si no quiere quedarse desfasada. Sin embargo, esta actualización tiene que ir acompañada de soluciones tales como reconocer las identidades de los aprendices en contextos de heterogeneidad o bien apostar por prácticas educativas que ayuden a construir la agencia y la visión crítica de los estudiantes. ...

AbstractMassive historical newspaper collections contain rich information about the historical development of social issues and constitute a unique resource for studying the social construction of issues such as juvenile delinquency. However, manual analysis of millions of pages of newspaper articles is infeasible. In this paper, we propose a suite of computational methods, including cross-context lexical analysis, dynamic semantic analysis, and valence analysis, to facilitate the study of historical social construction. We apply these methods to ProQuest Historical Newspapers$$^{\textrm{TM}}$$


TM

collection in the period of 1790–2006 to study the social construction of juvenile delinquency over this period. Our results show that the proposed methods are effective in revealing insights regarding the social construction of juvenile delinquency, leading to a better understanding of this complex issue and specific hypotheses for further study. Overall, our study shows the great promise of leveraging natural language processing techniques for analyzing historical news data to study social construction of societal issues.