Race and Biology
Examines the category of race as biological entity that nonetheless has no true justification in biology. It is observed that the total gene differences between Europeans, Asians, & Africans is less than differences found between individuals of the same race. However, racial differentiation is a biological fact, albeit of comparatively recent historical origin. The basis of racial difference lies in the variable genetic response to variable environments. It is suggested that the misuse of the biology of race is due to a failure to recognize the impact of environment on the complex genetic background of human variations; differences largely due to environment have been taken to be manifestations of other, more intrinsic differences. Thus, human societies today find themselves in the situation of relying on racial differences to organize information about individuals while admitting the lack of biological validity to such classificatory schemes. 2 Figures. D. M. Smith