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Short-Term Climate Variabilyty -- Dust Variability over Northern Africa and Rainfall in the Sahel -- Desiccation in the Sahel -- Hydrological Response of Desert Margins to Climatic Change: The Effect of Changing Surface Properties -- Weathering, Geomorphology and Climatic Variability in the Central Namib Desert -- Warm Season Land Surface — Climate Interactions in the United States Midwest from Mesoscale Observations -- Streamflow Changes in the Sierra Nevada, California, Simulated Using a Statistically Downscaled General Circulation Model Scenario of Climate Change -- Examining Links between Climate Change and Landslide Activity Using GCMS -- Long-Term Climate Variability -- Geologic Evidence of Rapid, Multiple, and High-Magnitude Climate Change During the Last Glacial (Wisconsinan) of North America -- Aeolian Geomorphic Response to Climate Change: An Example from the Estancia Valley, Central New Mexico, USA -- Evaporite Minerals and Organic Horizons in Sedimentary Sequences in the Libyan Fezzan: Implications for Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction -- Relict Cryogenic Mounds in the UK as Evidence of Climate Change -- Investigations into Long-Term Future Climate Changes -- Summary -- Geomorphological and Climatological Perspectives on Land Surface -Climate Change.

When talking about the impacts of climate change, we mostly hear about changes to land and the planet's surface or atmosphere. However, most of the warming is going into the oceans where a lot of ecosystem changes are also occurring.

This update includes a couple of info graphics and charts as well as a video from an ocean and climate scientist that explains this further.

Read full article: Climate Change Affects Biodiversity

"This article analyzes different perspectives dealing with organizational change and the dissemination of ideas and practices between different contexts. Through an investigation into projects featuring cooperation between Swedish and Estonian civil society organizations, the chapter demonstrates how different concepts brought together can further our understanding of such processes." (author's abstract)

"This article analyzes different perspectives dealing with organizational change and the dissemination of ideas and practices between different contexts. Through an investigation into projects featuring cooperation between Swedish and Estonian civil society organizations, the chapter demonstrates how different concepts brought together can further our understanding of such processes." (author's abstract).

AbstractThis paper uses a continuous-time overlapping-generations model with endogenous growth and pollution accumulation over time to study the link between longevity and global warming. It is seen that increasing longevity accelerates climate change in a business-as-usual scenario without climate policy. If a binding emission target is set exogenously and implemented via a cap-and-trade system, the price of emission permits is increasing in longevity. Longevity has no effect on the optimal solution of the climate problem if perfect intergenerational transfers are feasible. If these transfers are absent, the impact of longevity is ambiguous.

Beliefs have long been posited to be a predictor of behavior. However, empirical investigations into the relationship between beliefs (e.g., "vaccines cause autism") and behaviors (e.g., vaccinating one's child), mostly correlational in nature, have provided conflicting findings. To explore the causal impact of beliefs on behaviors, participants first rated the accuracy of a set of statements (health-related in Study 1, politically-charged in Studies 2 and 3) and chose corresponding campaigns to donate available funds. They were then provided with relevant evidence in favor of the correct statements and against the incorrect statements. Finally, participants rated the accuracy of the initial set of statements again and were given a chance to change their donation choices. The results of all three studies show that belief change predicts behavioral change, finding of particular relevance for interventions aimed at promoting constructive behaviors such as recycling, donating to charity, or employing preventative health measures.

Intro -- CLIMATE CHANGE: FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND POLICY TOOLS -- CLIMATE CHANGE: FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND POLICY TOOLS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CLIMATE CHANGE: FEDERAL FUNDING AND TAX INCENTIVES -- Summary -- Overview -- Program Areas -- Tax Expenditures -- International Context -- Categories of Reported Funding -- Consistency Issues -- Recent Funding and the President's FY2008 Request -- Interagency Objectives and Coordination -- Climate Change Science Program -- Climate Change Technology Program -- International Climate Change Assistance -- Tax Provisions -- Key Policy and Funding Issues -- Appendix I. Congressional Language Requiring Reports to Congress on Federal Climate Change Obligations and Expenditures -- Appendix II. Climate Change Technology Priorities -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 U.S. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY: EVOLVING VIEWS ON COST, COMPETITIVENESS, AND COMPREHENSIVENESS -- Summary -- From Study to Commitment: The UNFCCC -- Developing Programs: EPACT -- Comparing EPACT and the UNFCCC -- UNFCCC Results: Action Plans -- The George H. W. Bush Administration's National Action Plan: "No Regrets -- The Clinton Administration's National Action Plans: Industrial Strength "No Regrets" -- Kyoto and S.Res. 98 -- The George W. Bush Administration's National Action Plan: Abjuring an Emissions Reduction Goal -- Looking for New Directions -- Senate Amendment 866 [109th Congress] and S. 2191 [110th Congress] -- President Obama, the 111th Congress, and Climate Change -- Addressing the Three-Cs: Emerging Price versus Quantity Debate -- Conclusion: Battle of Policy Perspectives32 -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 CLIMATE CHANGE: CURRENT ISSUES AND POLICY TOOLS -- Summary -- Introduction -- Part One: Current Climate Change Issues -- Climate Change Science2 -- Observed changes in global climate -- Causes of observed climate change.

AbstractUK prisons have a very poor record in preventing reoffending. This paper attempts to identify a desirable kind of prison system. It discusses privatisation and payment‐by‐results programmes. Novel suggestions include the potential for charity‐, faith‐ or community‐based organisations to run prisons, and a possible voucher scheme for use by prisoners.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter -- Understanding, Forecasting, and Communicating Extreme Weather in a Changing Climate( -- Committee on Science, Space, and Technology U.S. House of Representatives, Hearing Charter, Understanding, Forecasting, and Communicating Extreme Weather in a Changing Climate -- Purpose -- Witnesses -- Overarching Questions -- Background -- Understanding the Causes of Extreme Weather Events -- Forecasting Extreme Weather Events -- Communicating Extreme Weather Events -- Impacts of Extreme Weather Events -- Additional Reading -- Chairwoman Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX), Full Committee Hearing: Understanding, Forecasting, and Communicating Extreme Weather in a Changing Climate, Thursday, September 26, 2019 -- Opening Statement of Ranking Member Frank Lucas, Full Committee Hearing, Understanding, Forecasting, and Communicating Extreme Weather in a Changing Climate, September 26, 2019 -- Testimony of Dr. J. Marshall Shepherd, Georgia Athletic Association Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric Sciences and Geography, and Director, Atmospheric Sciences Program, Department of Geography, University of Georgia, and 2013 President, Americ... -- Written Testimony of Dr. J. Marshall Shepherd, Georgia Athletic Association Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric Sciences and Geography and Director, Atmospheric Sciences Program at the University of Georgia, Former President of the American Meteoro... -- Clarity on Extreme Weather-Climate Change Attribution, Messaging, and Steps Forward Key Takeaway Points -- Introduction -- Contemporary Extreme Weather within the Context of Climate Change -- Messaging Emergencies in the Extreme Weather-Climate Change Connections -- Some Ideas to Move Forward -- Keep Scientific Observation and Modeling Capacity Robust -- Learn from Best Practices in Regional or Stakeholder Efforts.

Final report of the Minnesota Climate Change Advisory Group providing information gathered in relation to their charge, which included analysis of existing and proposed actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, review of historic and forecast emissions as a baseline for progress, and an overview of costs and benefits of recommended options.