Suchergebnisse

The history of independent Ukraine is characterised by the relatively peaceful handling of ethnic & linguistic conflict potential, despite the fact that approximately one quarter of the population belongs to ethnic minorities & less than half of the population has the state language as its first language. This is not explained by skilful government policies but rather by the patrimonial character of the Ukrainian polity that is softening the excesses of Ukrainisation policies, the cultural affinity of Russian & Ukrainian cultures, as well as the general passivity of the population. The Ukrainisation campaign of the Ukrainian government has been very ineffective & Ukrainian culture is in 2001 more endangered than in 1991. Given the growing economic dependence upon Russia & declining support for Ukrainian statehood, support for Ukrainisation policies is narrowing down. The Crimea is a case apart because this peninsula is not part of historical Ukraine & few Ukrainians live there. Moreover, the Crimea is disputed by powerful forces in Russia. Conflict between Crimea & Kyiv could be contained partly due to the inability of the Crimean elite to unite & to govern the region adequately, therewith eroding support for a separatist agenda. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThis article makes the case for bringing theory of consciousness to the understanding of individual transformation in conflict resolution practice. It does so by highlighting consciousness engaged explicitly and implicitly in many conflict resolution practices and consciousness dynamics considered in the emerging literature by conflict resolution practitioners. In particular, increasing awareness, consciousness structures, shifts in consciousness, transitional space, and embodied engagement are useful frameworks for understanding individual transformation within conflict resolution processes. The article concludes that the study of conflict resolution is incomplete without consideration of consciousness in conflict and conflict resolution. Furthermore, formally engaging consciousness dynamics as part of the study of conflict resolution holds promise for improving conflict resolution practice.

IN THE PAST DECADE, THE CENTRAL AMERICAN ISTHMUS (SEE FIG. 1), SOUTH OF MEXICO, HAS HAD A LARGE NUMBER OF INTER-STATE CONFLICTS. MOST OF THE CONFLICTS HAVE THEIR ROOTS IN THE INTERNAL UPHEAVALS GENERATED BY THE BACKWARD SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURES OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE REGION. CONTINUOUS INTERFERENCE BY OUTSIDE POWERS, CONTINUOUS INTERFERENCE BY OUTSIDE POWEXACERBATES THE SITUATION.