Suchergebnisse

Hungary faces many public health issues. In particular, cardiovascular disease has impacted the majority of the Hungarian people with a mortality rate of 50-60%. The high consumption of fattening food, excessive alcohol drinking, smoking habits and tobacco use impact the entire population's health status. This disease impacts blood vessels and causes them to narrow or be blocked. This blockage causes blood flow from the heart to be suppressed which can cause heart attacks, strokes etc. Hungary has the highest amount of people with cardiovascular disease out of all European countries. The most impacted people are in the urban areas. This could be due to low education on health, governmental issues, financial or environmental disparities. The Hungarian government does however provide health care from taxes and funding which helps a majority of Hungarian people. There are ways to prevent cardiovascular disease by healthy eating, cholesterol testing, blood pressure screening and exercise. All of these elements will benefit the overall well-being of the individual which will benefit the entire population's health status.

Monitoring the disease status of a nation has long been considered of great importance in helping to decrease the spread of disease to the population. In recent years it can be said that there are no borders as regards Infectious Diseases with the increase in global travel and mass migration of people, with large numbers of people considered as displaced. This has lead to the introduction of new diseases in countries that previously had no experience of them as well as the re emergence of diseases that had been considered controlled. During the past 5 years Malta and the rest of Europe has seen an increase in various infectious diseases such as TB, HIV, other STIs, vector borne diseases as well as outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases notably measles. Collaboration and cooperation between European countries is essential to control and manage these events. Robust surveillance data is critical to monitor and inform the public health response in an accurate and timely fashion. ; peer-reviewed

"Return to an order of the . House of commons . for, 'Copy of the several communications received by the Local government board and the Home office from the local authorities of the several towns in England and Scotland, in which local acts are in force containing provisions which require the notification of infectious diseases, as to the operation of those provisions'. Local government board . John Lambert, secretary. (Mr. Hibbert) Ordered . to be printed, 27 April 1882." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Fengjin Zhang,1,2 Linlan Jiang11Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou City, People's Republic of China; 2School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, People's Republic of ChinaAbstract: Amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the main neuropathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. However, it has become increasingly apparent that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of AD. This review summarizes the current status of neuroinflammation research related to AD, focusing on the connections between neuroinflammation and some inflammation factors in AD. Among these connections, we discuss the dysfunctional blood–brain barrier and alterations in the functional responses of microglia and astrocytes in this process. In addition, we summarize and discuss the role of intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses in astrocytes and microglia, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, nuclear factor-kappa B cascade, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-gamma transcription factors. Finally, the dysregulation of the control and release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and classic AD pathology (amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) in AD is also reviewed.Keywords: inflammation, blood–brain barrier, glial cells, intracellular signaling pathways, inflammatory factors