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In response to Robert Cover ("Nomos and Narrative," Harvard Law Review, 1983, 97; & "Violence and the Word," Yale Law Journal, 1986, 95), it is argued that interpretation of law is inevitable & inevitably violent. The works of Hannah Arendt, Michel Foucault, & Paul Virilio, are drawn on to reconstruct the space of modern law & that which threatens it, a disappearance in the face of the violence of its effacement. 30 References. Modified AA

While urbanisation has always been welcomed as a driver to economic amelioration, it has also been criticised for raising expectations and complicating the lives of urban residents. With urban development, wellbeing is often compromised as income disparity increases, quality of life decreases. Of late, crime has been a major concern. Criminal activities have eroded the sense of urban wellbeing and caused the desertion of neighbourhoods. While the Malaysian government tries to achieve sustainable urban development by containing urban sprawl, crime is undoing these efforts. Interviews with residents in crime-prone areas show that many are increasingly threatened by criminal activities in their neighbourhoods and have shown high tendencies to move out of the neighbourhoods. Steps to contain this problem is by having neighbourhood-level security measures as well as heightened involvement in community safety initiatives

I inquire into the issue of how to evaluate fear appeals. I propose modifications to Douglas Walton's position in Scare Tactics: Arguments that Appeal to Fear and Threats that will help improve assessment of fear appeals in complex argumentation such as political discourse. Walton has argued for attending to the underlying practical inference structure involved in fear appeals as well as the type of dialogue in which they occur. I propose, first, that theorists understand the practical reasoning not in terms of an underlying inferential structure but rather as an account of how discourse strategies give fear appeals force; and, second, that theorists not deduce norms and standards from so-called dialogue types but rather explain how discourse strategies engage norms of argumentation that give fear appeals force. This approach generates a normative pragmatic theory of fear appeals that has more explanatory power than Walton's theory, because it explains how discourse strategies agents actually use engage norms of argumentation and are therefore compelling. I submit that compelling fear appeals are designed to show addressees (1) risks to themselves of not carefully assessing the fearful circumstances and (2) risks to the arguer of misjudging whether circumstances merit fear.

I Fear of Success: Facts and Theories -- 1 Fear of Success—The Traditional View -- 2 Achievement Motivation Theory and a New Theory of Fear of Success -- 3 Social Psychological Perspectives on Fear of Success -- II Recent Research on Fear of Success -- 4 Scoring Success-Avoidance Thema in Responses to Verbal Story Cues -- 5 The The Cumulative Record of Research on Fear of Success -- 6 The Relationship of Fear of Success to Performance Behavior -- III Conclusion -- 7 Progress for Fear of Success -- References.

John Bowlby hypothesized an attachment system that interacts with caregiving, exploration, and fear systems in the brain, with a particular emphasis on fear. Neurobiological research confirms many of his hypotheses and also raises some new questions. A psychological model based on this neurobiological research is presented here. The model extends conventional attachment theory by describing additional attachment processes independent of fear. In this model, the attachment elements of trust, openness, and depending interact with the caregiving elements of caring, empathy, and responsibility.

This essay argues that the proffered grounds for Cohen's rejection of market relations – that they are sustained by the base motives of greed and fear – are unsound and also unnecessary to explain the maximising behaviour induced by those relations.

Could it be that now, after more than 100 years, America is adopting the prejudices and mindless hatreds that drove my grandparents to leave Europe? Unfortunately, the evidence is there.
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