Suchergebnisse

The objective of the research is to identify the internal and eksternal factors representing the obstruct of embroidery craftwomen in Jorong Lundang Kanagarian Panampuang. The benefits of this research to improve a literature for woman entrepreneurship. Thus, obtain benefits for local government and cooperative departement in Jorong Lundang Kanagarian Panampuang to expand small entrepreneurship and create new small medium entrepreneurship. A total 50 sampel complete the questionnaire use Likert Scale were obtained. Confirmatory factors analysis method were used to indicate factors have an impact for embroidery craftwomen to develop their enterprise. The finding confirmed that the most factor that obtrusct is feminity factors. Further, findings suggest to give information to craftwomen and facilitate them to obtain capital working and cultivating business from creditor both private and government party.

This audio essay titled "Why won't the saree fit me?", will focus on the author's personal experience with the saree and the women around her who drape themselves with it. The author has never worn a saree in her life, despite being surrounded by Indian women who wear it constantly and through this essay, she aims to discover more about her relationship with not only the saree but also Indian femininity. This essay will deploy course concepts such as the politics of recognition in relation of class and caste, politicized femininity and muscular nationalism, spectacularisation of non-white feminity, postfeminism etc to better understand the role of the saree in constructing indian femininity, especially within the morden day context. It concludes by drawing up the saree as a cultural capital that needs to be reclaimed by the author.

Harding and Hills's standpoint theory said that human perspectives are shaped by their social and political experiences. Gender is a social construction that acquired through interaction and changes over times. Based on that theory, this study used to analyze are the rapid increased of woman labour, gender equitymovement in economic development, may affect the the traditional view about how women and men should act and communicate, and established the new meaning of masculinity and feminity in workplace area. The conclusion showed that gender inequity still exist toward women. Women's job position and the level of gender communication based on dimensional stereotype, discrimination, subordination, and sexual harassment are worse than men, but yet women showed no complains and reported the same level of job satisfaction compared men.Keywords: gender, communication, job satisfaction

In Emancipation's Daughters , Riché Richardson examines iconic black women leaders who have contested racial stereotypes and constructed new national narratives of black womanhood in the United States. Drawing on literary texts and cultural representations, Richardson shows how five emblematic black women—Mary McLeod Bethune, Rosa Parks, Condoleezza Rice, Michelle Obama, and Beyoncé—have challenged white-centered definitions of American identity. By using the rhetoric of motherhood and focusing on families and children, these leaders have defied racist images of black women, such as the mammy or the welfare queen, and rewritten scripts of femininity designed to exclude black women from civic participation. Richardson shows that these women's status as national icons was central to reconstructing black womanhood in ways that moved beyond dominant stereotypes. However, these formulations are often premised on heteronormativity and exclude black queer and trans women. Throughout Emancipation's Daughters , Richardson reveals new possibilities for inclusive models of blackness, national femininity, and democracy.

Preliminary material /P. Pietikainen -- Introduction - The age of nervousness /P. Pietikainen -- Chapter One. On the swedish path to modernity /P. Pietikainen -- Chapter Two. How Swedes became nervous /P. Pietikainen -- Chapter Three. Weak nerves, degeneration and racial hygiene: Health ideology in the age of nervousness /P. Pietikainen -- Chapter Four. Masters of psychomedical reality: Neurosis and the medical profession /P. Pietikainen -- Chapter Five. Feminity, sexuality and childhood: Sources of the nervous self /P. Pietikainen -- Chapter Six. Remedies for nervousness /P. Pietikainen -- Chapter Seven. The culture of complexes /P. Pietikainen -- Chapter Eight. On the shattered nerves of Dr Lennmalm's private patients /P. Pietikainen -- Chapter Nine. Nervousness with tears: Patients at the 'nerve clinic' /P. Pietikainen -- Chapter Ten. How to turn neurotics into productive citizens /P. Pietikainen -- Conclusion - Neurosis as a contagious diagnosis /P. Pietikainen -- Bibliography /P. Pietikainen -- Index /P. Pietikainen.

This article analyzes characterization (of the monster and the "Final Girl") and identification (of the male audience) in the slasher film. The author engages in a critical dialogue with key theories of gender in the horror film, particularly Carol Clover's work, arguing that these films, despite their formal deviance from Hollywood (gender) formulas—such as positioning a female figure at the center of the narrative—do not usually depart from that cinema's patriarchal signification. Indeed, most slasher films are violently misogynist and homophobic—punishing female sexuality, equating feminity with victimhood, and portraying the killer/monster as a queer figure. It is also argued that the male audience does not straightforwardly identify with the Final Girl. Instead, slasher films rely on primary identification and offer empathy rather than identification. Moreover, insofar as secondary identification with the female protagonist does occur, its aggressive impulses are projected onto the monster.

This Qualitative in-depth study aimed to explore whether women are treated as a weapon of war in conflict zones. Women are exploited, and their feminity is used against them as a weapon, and Indian Army troops deployed in Indian occupied Kashmir are leaving no stone unturned to harm and disgrace the Kashmiri Community by raping and harassing their women. Women living in Indian Occupied Jammu and Kashmir are the main consideration. 11 in-depth interviews were conducted with the native Kashmiris living in Indian held Jammu and Kashmir. Ethno National Conflict theory was employed to further understand the entire scenario. Findings of the research study suggest that Kashmiris are suffering under the tranny and illegal oppression of the Indian army and the brutal policies. Women are indeed treated and ill-treated as a weapon of war in conflict zones like Kashmir, and ethnic cleansing has been a major goal of the India army in Indian held Kashmir.

Abstract
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The paper explores constructions of masculinity and feminity in the speech and practice of residents of a low‐income settlement in Salvador, Bahia. In local talk about sexual mores and parenting, the dominant theme is the 'liberal' and 'decadent' character of the modern age. Modernity is equated with a loss of social control over female sexuality and reproduction. Embedded in this vision is a powerful gender ideology that conditions the construction of gender identities. Analysis reveals that the negotiation of identity is a complex and contested field. But against the postmodernist trend in contemporary gender studies, the paper argues that it is necessary to locate multiple and contested gender identities in the overarching gender system. This is rooted in gender ideology, in sexual practice and in the systematic features of social and economic life. Far from signalling transformation in the gender system, talk about women's loss of restraint and respectability functions as a brake upon pressure for change.

The research is directed on the field of history of consumption's expansion, as well as inclined to the understanding of the gender standards and models in consumption. It is based on the theoretical achievements of gender studies, philosophy and sociology of consumption. Whereas consumption is a process that is closely connected with a gender perspective, it forces to examine the issue of constructing gender by means of consumption. Thus authors used attention the cross-disciplinary methodological approach, which allows to explore the interrelations between gender and consumption. It has been considered the way of construction feminity and masculinity in the everyday practices, as well as the formation of gender models and standards in consumption irrespectively of the career level or material status of the research actors. The case study of this article are the construction of feminity and masculinity in the everyday consumer practices in the early Soviet society, which allows to "open" the new faces of Soviet social history – consumers. Making historical analogies provides opportunity for a critical understanding of the Soviet ideological project devoted to the constructing of a "new Soviet man" and "new Soviet consumer". Despite the proclaimed principle of gender equality by the Bolshevik authorities, these changes did not significantly transform the everyday consumer practices, because in the sphere of domestic consumption most of the functions were still performed by women. However, the development of consumption had influenced the emergence of gender ideology, which resulted in expanding the opportunities for women to work in the sphere of production and distribution of consumer goods and services, as well as intensified their political participation. ; Исследование направлено на расширение научного поля истории потребления, а также осмысления способов формирования в обществе гендерных стандартов и моделей потребления. Акцентируется внимание на необходимости применения междисциплинарного подхода в изучении взаимосвязи гендера и потребления. На примере раннесоветского общества рассматриваются проблемы конструирования феминности и маскулинности в процессе потребления как составной части повседневных практик. ; Дослідження має на меті розширення наукового поля історії споживання, а також спрямоване на осмислення способів формування у суспільстві гендерних стандартів та моделей споживання. Акцентується увага на необхідності застосування міждисциплінарного підходу у вивченні взаємозв'язку гендеру та споживання. На прикладі ранньорадянського суспільства розглядаються проблеми конструювання фемінності та маскулінності у процесі споживання як складової частини повсякденних практик.

В статье рассматриваются особенности образа женщины-политика, созданного в американских средствах массовой информации, представленных (ведущие издания «The New York Times», «Time Magazine», «Forbes»). Описываются основные различия между художественным и публицистическим образом: в отличие от художественного, медийный образ всегда основывается на документальных фактах, но при этом является продуктом образного осмысления реального мира журналистом. Таким образом, публицистический образ имеет синтетическую природу. Компоненты медийного образа, а также языковые средства его репрезентации описываются на примере известного американского политика Хиллари Клинтон. На основе анализа значительного количества публикаций устанавливается, что в медийном образе Хиллари Клинтон преобладают социальные характеристики, такие, как реализм, прагматизм, осторожность в общении с прессой, решительность, самостоятельность и независимость. Образ имеет отчетливую гендерную маркированность при слабой выраженности внешнего компонента. Основными средствами создания образа являются эмоционально-оценочная лексика, метафора, аллюзия, перифраз. ; The paper examines the peculiarities of the image of a lady-politician in American mass media represented by the key editions: «The New York Times», «Time Magazine», «Forbes». Chief differences between the image of a character in literature and the image of a person in mass media are pointed out: unlike an image in fiction the media image is always based on facts of life, but is still a product of the journalist's subjective interpretation of the reality. Thus, an image in mass media is characterized by a synthetic nature. The components of the media image of a lady politician and their language representation are exemplified by the image of Hillary Clinton, a distinguished American political figure. Having analyzed a number of publications the author comes to the conclusion that in Hillary Clinton's media image social characteristics prevail, that is she is portrayed as realistic, pragmatic, experienced and cautious, at the same time decisive, independent and self-sufficient. Her image is clearly marked by gender while the exterior component is given little attention. The principal means of creating the image are words expressing affective evaluation, metaphors, allusion, periphrasis.

"Killing us in a slow way instead of doing it with gas" : the German Catholic discourse of "suffering", 1946-59 / Suzanne Brown-Fleming -- Imperialist air war : East German academic research and memory politics reflected in the work of Olaf Groehler / Bas von Benda-Beckmann -- Hitler's legacy in concrete and steel : memory and civil defence bunkers in West Germany, 1950-65 / Nicholas J. Steneck -- Expressions of memory in Pforzheim, a city hit by air war / Christian Groh -- "Den Toten der ostdeutschen Heimat" : local expellee monuments and the construction of post-war narratives / Jeffrey Luppes -- Das Trauma der deutschen Kriegskinder zwischen nationaler und europäischer Erinnerung : kritische Anmerkungen zum gegenwärtigen Wandel der Erinnerungskultur / Michael Heinlein -- Double visions : queer feminity and Holocaust film / Cathy S. Gelbin -- Foundational traumas : on a figure of thought in recent German literature on wartime suffering / Helmut Schmitz -- German victimhood discourse in comparative perspective / Bill Niven -- Holland and the German point of view : on the Dutch reactions to German victimhood / Krijn Thijs -- The miracle workers : "German suffering", Israeli masculinity, and the feminised/queered nation as redemptive in Eytan Fox's Walk On Water / Annette Seidel-Arpaci

This text shows how the inequality among men and women (and the different forms of violence associated with that inequality) is the effect of the influence of a series of personal, familiar, educational and sociocultural factors. These factors contribute to the social construction of a given way of understanding the masculine and feminine condition and, as a result, to the persistence of sexism in our societies. In this context, the impact of mass media communication and publicity by offering world visions as well as social and sexual archetypes is undeniable. Through their communicative omniscience, the mass culture texts show off the fallacy of being open windows to the world, and innocent mirrors of reality. Nevertheless, press, television and publicity continue to build the sociocultural inequality of women throughout the newspapers and the magazine pages, in the scenes of television programs and in the spots narratives (by underlying stereotypes, assigning to women the private and housekeeping domain, by promoting a masculine point of view on sexuality, and so on…). They also speak, in a subtle way —in the current days of the politically correctness and masculine metro sexual aesthetics— of a soft and postmodern version of traditional archetypes of virility and feminity. To investigate about the influence of mass culture texts in the construction of feminine and masculine identities is an ethic task, which we cannot avoid if we want to build a world where sexual differences do not result in the rough argument, used to justify the inequalities among men and women. ; En este texto se muestra cómo la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres (y las diversas formas de violencia asociadas a esa desigualdad) es el efecto del influjo de una serie de factores personales, familiares, educativos y socioculturales que contribuyen tanto a la construcción social de una determinada manera de entender la condición masculina y femenina como en consecuencia a la pervivencia del sexismo en nuestras sociedades. En este contexto, el influjo de los medios de comunicación de masas y de la publicidad a la hora de ofrecer visiones del mundo y arquetipos sociales y sexuales es innegable. Con su omnisciencia comunicativa los textos de la cultura de masas exhiben la falacia de ser ventanas abiertas al mundo e inocentes espejos de la realidad. Sin embargo, la prensa, la televisión y la publicidad siguen construyendo la desigualdad sociocultural de las mujeres en las páginas de los periódicos y de las revistas, en las escenas de los programas de televisión y en los relatos de los anuncios (subrayando estereotipos, asignando a las mujeres al ámbito de lo privado y de lo doméstico, fomentando una mirada masculina sobre la sexualidad.) y predican de una manera sutil, en la actual época de lo políticamente correcto y de cierta estética masculina metrosexual, una versión edulcorada y postmoderna de los arquetipos tradicionales de la virilidad y de la feminidad. Indagar sobre la influencia de los textos de la cultura de masas en la construcción de las identidades femeninas y masculinas constituye una tarea ética ineludible si deseamos construir un mundo en el que las diferencias sexuales no constituyan el burdo argumento con el que se justifican las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres.

The article considers psychological aspects of androgynous, dual human nature promoting harmonious relationship among the people, interaction between feminity and masculinity. The concepts of androgyne, androgynity and androgynization which correspond to cultural and socio-political conditions of traditional, modern and post-modern society are introduced. The article examines the history and evolution of the phenomenon of androgyne in ancient mythology, medieval religious philosophy, modern philosophy, present-day psychological science and practice. The author comes to the conclusion that there are two kinds of psychological androgynity: symbolic and real. The real androgynity became the subject of special psychological researches, caused the renunciation of the symbolic one and can be regarded as an important individual feature and human advantage. The transformation of the concept of androgyne is analyzed: from its interpretation as а first man to divine, ritual, psychological androgyne finally regarded as a "post-gender". The results of the study on "Psychological gender in socio-cultural dimension" conducted under the auspices of the Laboratory for Sociological Researches of MGIMO-University (School of International Journalism) are presented.

This thesis gives an insight into German-Dominican matchmaking. Qualitative interviews with three agency owners and two German-Dominican couples provide the necessary data display the German-Dominican matchmaking business and describe the incentives of women and men to register at such an agency to find a foreign partner. The study firstly clarifies the development of and reasons for female Dominican migration, including the weakening of men as main financial provider within the families and the matrifocal family structure with a high number of female-headed households due to unstable relationships and new financial responsibilities of Dominican women. Migration is seen by Dominican women as broadening life and work opportunities and although most Dominican women migrate for labour, some decide to register at an international matchmaking agency which mediates relationships between Dominican women and German men. Such marriage migration via matchmaking agencies is a migratory pathway, which is almost exclusive to women and the images of feminity, used by the agencies to run their business will be presented. Furthermore, it will be discussed, if a marriage is seen as migration alternative or as a strategy by Dominican women.