Suchergebnisse

The European members of NATO add relatively little to the military power of the United States. Their contribution above all is political. Their presence maintains the illusion of an 'International Community'. The world conquest being pursued by the bureaucratic inertia of the Pentagon can be presented as the crusade by the world's 'democracy' to spread their enlightened political order to the rest of a recalcitrant world. A crucial question is whether 'Western democracy' still has the strength to dismantle this war machine before it is too late. Adapted from the source document.

VARIATION IN THE NEED FOR HELP FROM MILITARY ALLIES AFFECTS THE DEGREE TO WHICH FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICIES WILL DISCRIMINATE IN FAVOR OF MILITARY ALLIES AND AGAINST ADVERSARIES AND OTHER COUNTRIES. POWERS IN NEED OF MILITARY SUPPORT WILL PURSUE DISCRIMINATORY FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICIES IN ORDER TO CHANGE THE CONFIGURATION OF DOMESTIC INTERESTS TO FAVOR NOT ONLY CLOSER ECONOMIC RELATIONS BUT ALSO CLOSER POLITICAL RELATIONS. BY STRENGTHENING DOMESTIC SUPPORT FOR AN ALLIANCE, POLICY MAKERS MAKE IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR THEIR ALLIES TO RENEGE ON ALLIANCE COMMITMENTS. STRONGER POLITICAL RELATIONS REINFORCE THE DETERRENT EFFECT OF THE ALLIANCE. POWERS THAT OPERATE ALONE, BECAUSE THE NET STRATEGIC BENEFITS FROM CLOSER RELATIONS IN THEIR CASE ARE LOWER, WILL REFRAIN FROM DISCRIMINATORY POLICIES. SHIFTS IN STRATEGIC NEED MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO EXPLAIN VARIATIONS IN THE LINKS BETWEEN SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS AND FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICIES WITHIN ALLIANCES OVER TIME AND ALSO ACROSS ALLIANCES. BRITISH GRAND STRATEGY IN THE 1930'S ILLUSTRATES HOW SHIFTS IN STRATEGIC NEED INFLUENCE THE DEGREE TO WHICH FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICIES DISCRIMINATE IN FAVOR OF POTENTIAL MILITARY ALLIES.

Economic sanctions are becoming increasingly central to shaping strategic outcomes in the twenty-first century. They afford great powers a means by which to seek to influence the behaviour of states, to demonstrate international leadership and to express common values for the benefit of the international community at large. Closer to home, they can also offer a 'middle way' for governments that apply them, satisfying moderates and hardliners alike. For some great powers in the multipolar world order, however, they pose a threat to trading relationships. They may also serve as a prelude to mili

Implications for a shift away from the U.S. policy of Soviet containment in the Third World, and an emphasis on the Far East and Caribbean.