Suchergebnisse

1. Introduction -- 2. Import demand and the world price -- 3. Indirect effects of higher oil prices -- 4. Private markets and disruption risks -- 5. Disruption costs and the premium -- 6. Petroleum reserves and oil import policy -- 7. Policy conclusion.

The COVID-19 pandemic and war in Ukraine have highlighted the dependence of the European Union (EU) on individual trading partners. One of the tasks of the European Commission's new Directorate-General, the Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), established in 2021, will therefore be to contribute to the EU's "open strategic autonomy" by identifying and eliminating import dependencies in the field of pharmaceuticals. HERA's work thus aligns with current EU efforts to reduce concentrated import risks. Here, three aspects of this work are particularly important: the identification of dependencies, the development of strategies to over­come them and the incorporation of these strategies within global health governance. (author's abstract)

Looks at a study into the effect of customer regulation on the performance of the import business in a developing country. Focuses on the performance of Society de Generale Surveillance (SGS) and the selection process criteria of importers relative to their foreign partner and suppliers. States that the predictive results are encouraging but much more would still depend on importers' risk attitude to its usage.

The EUFORA fellowship programme 'Livestock Health and Food Chain Risk Assessment' was proposed by the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), a British governmental institution responsible for safeguarding animal and plant health in the UK. The working programme, which was organised into four different modules, covered a wide range of aspects related to risk assessment including identification of emerging risks, risk prioritisation methods, scanning surveillance, food production exposure assessment and import risk assessment of animal and human infectious diseases. Over the course of the year, the Fellow had the opportunity to work for international projects with experts in these disciplines. This allowed for significant opportunities to 'learn‐by‐doing' the methods and the techniques that are employed to assess animal health and food safety risks. Moreover, he consolidated his knowledge by attending several training courses and academic lessons, submitting scientific papers to peer‐reviewed journals and conferences, giving presentations and using modelling software.

The lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a dsDNA virus belonging to the Poxviridae family and the Capripoxvirus genus. Lumpy skin diseases (LSD) is a highly contagious transboundary disease in cattle producing major economic losses. In 2014, the disease was first reported in the European Union (in Cyprus); it was then reported in 2015 (in Greece) and has spread through different Balkan countries in 2016. Indirect vector transmission is predominant at small distances, but transmission between distant herds and between countries usually occurs through movements of infected cattle or through vectors found mainly in animal trucks. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In den letzten Dekaden haben sich die englisch-sprachigen Länder der Karibik in globale Märkte integriert und gleichzeitig ein rapides Wirtschaftswachstum sowie eine positive sozio-ökonomische Entwicklung erfahren. Dennoch haben Naturkatastrophen sowie globale Wirtschafts-, Finanz- und Lebensmittelkrisen gezeigt, dass ihre sozio-ökonomischen Strukturen dennoch sehr verwundbar sind. Letztlich hat dies zu Importabhängigkeit, abnehmenden Exporten, veränderte Konsummuster und zu chronischen Krankheiten geführt.Die Arbeit untersucht die Food and Nutrition (In-)Security Situation in 13 karibischen Ländern und stellt insbesondere deren Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten heraus. Eine detaillierte Analyse der Ursachen und Folgen der identifizierten Probleme: die unhaltbaren Importausgaben für Nahrungsmittel und die vermehrte Prävalenz ernährungsbedingter Krankheiten, gibt einen neuen Anstoß für eine Diskussion über differenzierte Maßnahmen, um dieses komplexe und dringende Problem zu lösen

In den letzten Dekaden haben sich die englisch-sprachigen Länder der Karibik in globale Märkte integriert und gleichzeitig ein rapides Wirtschaftswachstum sowie eine positive sozio-ökonomische Entwicklung erfahren. Dennoch haben Naturkatastrophen sowie globale Wirtschafts-, Finanz- und Lebensmittelkrisen gezeigt, dass ihre sozio-ökonomischen Strukturen dennoch sehr verwundbar sind. Letztlich hat dies zu Importabhängigkeit, abnehmenden Exporten, veränderte Konsummuster und zu chronischen Krankheiten geführt.Die Arbeit untersucht die Food and Nutrition (In-)Security Situation in 13 karibischen Ländern und stellt insbesondere deren Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten heraus. Eine detaillierte Analyse der Ursachen und Folgen der identifizierten Probleme: die unhaltbaren Importausgaben für Nahrungsmittel und die vermehrte Prävalenz ernährungsbedingter Krankheiten, gibt einen neuen Anstoß für eine Diskussion über differenzierte Maßnahmen, um dieses komplexe und dringende Problem zu lösen.

International audience ; There is a wide range of acquisition modes, from the purchase of an entirely national weapon to importing it from a friendly country, but sometimes from a state wishing to increase its returns to scale. There are some ambiguities in choosing between import and export, when the products are available in the country at widely divergent prices. The quality of technology, industrial property, weapon components and the independence criteria adopted by the state must be taken into account. There are arguments in favor of national public procurement on military aspects, but national security must be able to have the best military technology at its disposal as part of a policy of deterrence. On the industrial aspects, arms production makes it possible to develop research and development, but it is also a financial risk in the framework of an arms race. ; Il existe un large éventail de modes d'acquisition allant de l'achat d'une arme entièrement nationale à l'importation en provenance plutôt d'un pays ami, mais parfois d'un Etat souhaitant augmenter ses rendements d'échelle. Il y a quelques ambiguïtés à choisir entre importation et exportation, lorsque les produits sont disponibles dans le pays, à prix fortement divergents. Il faut tenir compte de la qualité de la technologie, de la propriété industrielle, des composants des armes et des critères d'indépendance retenus par l'Etat. Il y a des arguments en faveur des marchés publics nationaux sur les aspects militaires, mais la sécurité nationale doit pouvoir disposer des meilleurs technologies militaires dans le cadre d'une politique de dissuasion. Sur les aspects industriels, la production d'armement permet de développer la recherche-développement, mais c'est aussi un risque financier dans le cadre d'une course aux armements.

International audience ; There is a wide range of acquisition modes, from the purchase of an entirely national weapon to importing it from a friendly country, but sometimes from a state wishing to increase its returns to scale. There are some ambiguities in choosing between import and export, when the products are available in the country at widely divergent prices. The quality of technology, industrial property, weapon components and the independence criteria adopted by the state must be taken into account. There are arguments in favor of national public procurement on military aspects, but national security must be able to have the best military technology at its disposal as part of a policy of deterrence. On the industrial aspects, arms production makes it possible to develop research and development, but it is also a financial risk in the framework of an arms race. ; Il existe un large éventail de modes d'acquisition allant de l'achat d'une arme entièrement nationale à l'importation en provenance plutôt d'un pays ami, mais parfois d'un Etat souhaitant augmenter ses rendements d'échelle. Il y a quelques ambiguïtés à choisir entre importation et exportation, lorsque les produits sont disponibles dans le pays, à prix fortement divergents. Il faut tenir compte de la qualité de la technologie, de la propriété industrielle, des composants des armes et des critères d'indépendance retenus par l'Etat. Il y a des arguments en faveur des marchés publics nationaux sur les aspects militaires, mais la sécurité nationale doit pouvoir disposer des meilleurs technologies militaires dans le cadre d'une politique de dissuasion. Sur les aspects industriels, la production d'armement permet de développer la recherche-développement, mais c'est aussi un risque financier dans le cadre d'une course aux armements.

International audience ; There is a wide range of acquisition modes, from the purchase of an entirely national weapon to importing it from a friendly country, but sometimes from a state wishing to increase its returns to scale. There are some ambiguities in choosing between import and export, when the products are available in the country at widely divergent prices. The quality of technology, industrial property, weapon components and the independence criteria adopted by the state must be taken into account. There are arguments in favor of national public procurement on military aspects, but national security must be able to have the best military technology at its disposal as part of a policy of deterrence. On the industrial aspects, arms production makes it possible to develop research and development, but it is also a financial risk in the framework of an arms race. ; Il existe un large éventail de modes d'acquisition allant de l'achat d'une arme entièrement nationale à l'importation en provenance plutôt d'un pays ami, mais parfois d'un Etat souhaitant augmenter ses rendements d'échelle. Il y a quelques ambiguïtés à choisir entre importation et exportation, lorsque les produits sont disponibles dans le pays, à prix fortement divergents. Il faut tenir compte de la qualité de la technologie, de la propriété industrielle, des composants des armes et des critères d'indépendance retenus par l'Etat. Il y a des arguments en faveur des marchés publics nationaux sur les aspects militaires, mais la sécurité nationale doit pouvoir disposer des meilleurs technologies militaires dans le cadre d'une politique de dissuasion. Sur les aspects industriels, la production d'armement permet de développer la recherche-développement, mais c'est aussi un risque financier dans le cadre d'une course aux armements.