Suchergebnisse

Cover -- CONTENTS -- POVERTY IN MADAGASCAR -- A. Poverty -- B. Who are the Poor in Madagascar? -- C. Growth -- D. Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- BOX -- 1. Different Measures of Poverty -- FIGURES -- 1. Madagascar and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Poverty Data -- 2. Indicators in Urban and Rural Areas -- 3. Health Indicators -- 4. Madagascar and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Economic Growth -- TAX REVENUE MOBILIZATION IN MADAGASCAR -- A. Background -- B. Diagnostics: How Low is Madagascar's Tax Ratio and Why? -- C. Strategy for Tax Revenue Mobilization -- D. Lessons from Other Countries' Experience -- REFERENCES -- FIGURES -- 1. Tax Revenue in Selected SSA Countries, 2005-13 -- 2. Tax Ratios in Madagascar and Other Low-Income Countries: 2007-13 -- 3. Madagascar's Tax Revenue, 1995-2013 -- 4. Tax Gaps in Selected Low-Income -- 5. Tax Revenue, Taxable Capacity and Tax -- 6. Performance of Major Tax Categories -- BOXES -- 1. Tax Potential: A Comparison of Two Empirical Approaches -- 2. Madagascar's 2008 Tax Reform -- SUMMARY OF THE TAX SYSTEM -- EXCHANGE RATE ASSESSMENT -- A. Background -- B. Exchange Rate Assessment Models -- C. Survey Measures of Competitiveness -- FIGURES -- 1. Exchange Rates and Reserves -- 2. Current Account Balance Decomposition (CGER) -- 3. Current Account Balance Decomposition (EBA-Lite) -- 4. EER Fair Value Estimates -- 5. Competitiveness Indicators -- TABLE -- 2A. Doing Business Indicators for Madagascar -- EXCHANGE RATE PASS-THROUGH IN MADAGASCAR -- A. Background -- B. Literature and Methodology -- C. Results -- D. Conclusions -- E. Annex -- REFERENCES -- FIGURES -- 1. CPI and NEER -- A1. Impulse Response for Simple VAR Specification -- A2. Impulse Response for VAR Specification with Output Gap and Oil Prices -- A3. Impulse Response for VAR Specification with M0 and Rice Harvest

KEY ISSUESContext: Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world. Weak economic growth has contributed to persistent and increasing poverty with deteriorating social indicators. In a fragile environment, the uncertainty linked to political instability, weak institutions, and weak governance has eroded the foundation for solid economic growth, with short-term rent-seeking having taken precedence over longer-term nation building.Outlook and Risks: The authorities are at a crossroads. A well-prioritized medium-term economic program that is implemented concertedly would increase growth a