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ABSTRACTThe redesign of information technology (IT)‐enabled work processes often necessitates fundamental design changes to the intended work process, the IT platform hosting the work process, or both. Research suggests that such design changes often can be traced to earlier decisions involving endogenous adaptation or internal organizational change. Two such decisions are a firm's technology position and planning mode. This study examines the relationship between technology position and planning mode in predicting the magnitude of design change in process redesign projects. The conceptual frame applied in examining these relationships involves a synthesis of Miles and Snow's adaptive cycle with elements central to concurrent engineering. Our results indicate that the magnitude of design change is related to differences in technology position and planning mode. To effectively implement organizational change, firms must leverage their IT platform by carefully timing IT investments in accordance with their adopted technology position. Directing the trajectory of a firm's IT platform and deploying it so as to complement the firm's technology position reduces design uncertainty, promoting reengineering success.

Y-1506 ; "Union Carbide Corporation Nuclear Division operating the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant for the Atomic Energy Commission under U.S. government contract W-7405-eng-26." ; "Date Issued: April 20, 1966 ; Report Number Y-1506 ; Instruments TID-4500." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Phenomenology, according to Husserl, is meant to be philosophy as rigorous science. It was Franz Brentano who inspired him to pursue the ideal of scientific philosophy. Though Husserl began his philosophical career as an orthodox disciple of Brentano, he eventually began to have doubts about this orientation. The Logische Unterschungen is the result of such doubts. Especially after the publication of that work, he became increasingly convinced that, in the interests of scientific philosophy, he had to go in a direction which diverged from Brentano and other members of this school (`Brentanists') who believed in the same ideal. An attempt is made here to ascertain Husserl's philosophical relation to Brentano and certain other Brentanists (Carl Stumpf, Benno Kerry, Kasimir Twardowski, Alexius Meinong, and Anton Marty). The crucial turning point in the development of these relations is to be found in the essay which Husserl wrote in 1894 (particularly in response to Twardowski) under the title `Intentional Objects' (which is translated as an appendix in this volume). This study will be of interest to historians of philosophy and phenomenology in particular, but also to anyone concerned with the ideal of scientific philosophy

In the years leading up to the outbreak of war in Europe in early September 1939 Japan had been busy tackling the commitments she had made in North China at first and then in the whole of China. Although war was not declared, Japan had been at war with China since July 1937. It was a war of attrition; both Japan and China claimed to be winning, yet neither could, on any occasion, see any prospect of a final and definite victory. So long as Japan's military operations were confined to the area of North China, the war was named the 'North China Incident.' It was called the 'China Incident' after her successive and more or less successful operations had spread to Central and South China. And when a war broke out in the Pacific in December 1941 the Sino-Japanese war became an inseparable part of the 'Greater East Asia War' (Dai-tōa sensō), a name rarely heard by now, since it soon gave way to the 'Pacific War' (Taiheiyō sensō) in the sense of Japan waging the war of the Ocean, or to the 'Second World War' in the global sense.

Since the new millennium, scholars have acclaimed a vigorous global justice movement (GJM). Many accounts have stressed the tolerant identities of those involved in this movement, and/or the movement's horizontal decision-making structure. Consequently, formal organizations are often excluded from analysis, precluding the chance to assess systematically whether they are involved in social movement modes of coordination. The article uses deductive block modelling and inferential statistics on survey data of a broad sample of 208 western European global justice organizations to uncover their modes of coordination. I find that many organizations commonly considered integral to the GJM demonstrate organizational and coalitional modes of coordination, while formal organizations often engage in coalitional work. Organizations most densely networked, including some formal organizations,dohave social movement modes of coordination: they identify with the GJM, display continuity in attendance at international protests/events, and have contentious relations with political institutions. In addition, I raise methodological considerations for future studies of social movement modes of coordination.

We study the modification of the decay rates of a single dipolar emitter positioned in the vicinity of metallic linear nanoantennas when higher-order plasmonic excitations are induced. We show that it is possible to effectively tune the enhancement or suppression of both the radiative and nonradiative decay processes by controlling the position and orientation of the dipole with respect to the antenna. Transverse polarization of a single emitter, with respect to the antenna axis, located at the center of the antenna activates dark antenna modes that modify dramatically both the intensity and the spectral features of the decay rates. © 2012 Optical Society of America. ; Financial support from the WELCOME program "Hybrid nanostructures as a stepping-stone towards efficient artificial photosynthesis" awarded by the Foundation for Polish Science and from the ETORTEK 2011 "nanoiker" of the Department of the Industry of the Basque Country Government are gratefully acknowledged. ; Peer Reviewed

Journalistes et anthropologues conjuguent leurs efforts pour attirer l'attention sur la valeur des modes de vie des Autochtones et sur les violences qu'ils subissent. Comment s'expriment ces derniers face aux autorités brésiliennes et au monde entier ? Quatre textes ont été choisis pour en donner un aperçu : une lettre d'adieu du Mouvement Xingu à Dilma Roussef, initiatrice du barrage de Belo Monte qui a détruit leur territoire ; une lettre ouverte de leaders du peuple Tupinamba aux autorités brésiliennes et mondiales contre la spoliation de leur territoire par un projet d'aménagement du littoral ; un ensemble de conseils de comportements écologiques et respectueux par l'alliance des peuples autochtones, « gardiens de mère nature », publiés à l'occasion de la conférence du climat à Paris en décembre 2015 ; une méditation sur les conditions d'une résistance efficace aux nouvelles formes de violence par un membre de l'association Kirapalan du village Altamira.

Modern penology is based on the false premise that it is solely the behavior of the offender that needs correction. The prison grew out of an earlier institution, the penitentiary, which was the invention of early Puritanical settlers. Believing that crime reflected a lack of faith in God, they constructed dungeons in which there was total sensory deprivation, in order to induce penitence & a return to the teachings of the Bible. With the separation of church & state, penitentiaries became prisons. The purpose of prisons are isolation, punishment, & deterrence--which undermine efforts toward rehabilitation. A Marxist perspective is committed to the elimination of the total institution, in the long run. In the immediate present, amidst prison rebellions, the struggle for justice should embrace furthering prison reform as a defensive tactic. Concretely, this means securing the federal minimum wage for prison labor, & winning guarantees for prisoner rights & decent working & living conditions. A. Karmen.