Suchergebnisse

The number of people commuting to work is increasing, including those who spend at least two hours travelling to and from work per day. In Germany, the group of these long-distance commuters comprises about 1.6 million people. To date, there has been little research on the possible consequences of long commuting times for family life and commuters' children. On the basis of a pooled data set from the German Family Panel pairfam, we examine the relationship between parental commuting, the parent-child relationship and child well-being, both from the parent's as well as the child's perspective while also distinguishing between mothers and fathers. Some results indicate that long-distance commuting is associated with a poorer parent-child relationship and ultimately with lower child well-being. However, the association is rather sporadic and substantively weak.

Commuting has become an increasingly important feature of modern life. Theories of public participation, such as the civic voluntarism model, claim that commuting is likely to reduce the time available for political activism. Based on data from an American context, Robert Putnam in Bowling Alone has concluded that this is exactly what happens. However, empirical studies based on European data on how commuting may affect political participation are rare. This article aims to address this question with regard to Swedish city-regions. Is there also a negative relationship between commuting and citizen participation in Sweden? The analysis is based on survey data for 7, 200 citizens from seven Swedish city-regions belonging to three different size categories. The relationship between commuting and several different forms of public participation is investigated, controlling for the variables suggested by the civic voluntarism model. The analysis indicates that there are no signs of a negative relationship and some aspects of participation are actually positively linked to commuting. These findings suggest that the civic voluntarism model needs to be revised, at least in a European context. The article ends with a discussion about how differences between Sweden and the US can be accounted for and what the more general consequences for democracy may be.

In this paper, we emphasise the significance of studying the interrelations
between commuting and migration. The aim of the paper is to point out the
factors which affect these interrelations (demographic and socio-economic
characteristics of migrants and commuters, labour market, real estate market,
information, life style, etc.), with the special emphasis on the role of
commuting distance onto the chosen mobility type. Besides theorethical
frameworks and results of the selected foreign researches up to date, the
overview of research of interrelations between migration and commuting in
Serbia has also been presented. While earlier studies conducted by
Gawryszenski (1978), Termote (1980) and Reitsma&Vergoossen (1987) pointed to
the replacement of migration types between each other within country, in
recent literature the interaction between migration and commuting has been
studied in a trans-boundary context of the contemporary EU. Modern trend of
long distance commuting instead of migration and the concept of
substitution/replacement regarding migration and commuting have also been
discussed. In Serbia, there is a positive correlation between commuting
outflows and immigration in rural settlements of Vojvodina province. Namely,
commuting and migration are complement, which is the characteristic of both
processes sub-urbanisation and ex-urbanisation (Lukic, 2012). In addition to
ownership of real estate and previous migration experience, marital status
influenced the chosen mobility type in Serbia as well. Adjustment to changes
of Serbian labour market is mostly conducted via migration (Miletic, Lukic,
Miljanovic, 2011). Interrelations between migration and commuting are very
significant due to the tendency of transformation of some commuters into
migrants. This process has its consequences, both on demographic as well as
the overall socio-economic development of the area of commuters? origin and
destination. However, even though the surveys conducted in Serbia during the
1980s showed that around 30 per cent of commuters expressed desire to move to
their place of work, the degree of realization of these intentions remained
unknown. While in some countries traffic studies and data from the management
of the enterprises are used as sources of data on commuting, the studies on
the commuter population in Serbia are based solely onto two types of data
sources. These are census and poll surveys. Although they have more potential
than the official statistics for the analysis of the links between migration
and commuting and other characteristics of commuters, poll surveys on this
topic in Serbia are relatively rare due to financial and organizational
obstacles. Indeed, the last major survey was conducted in the 1980s.
Therefore, even though the interrelations between migration and commuting
have been confirmed, there is still a lot of space for their research
indicating the need for further methodology developments in researching these
types of population mobility.

We study the political economy of commuting subsidies in a model of a mono-centric city with two income classes. Depending on housing demand and transport costs, either the rich or the poor live in the central city and the other group in the suburbs. Commuting subsidies increase the net income of those with long commutes or high transport costs. They also affect land rents and therefore the income of landowners. The paper studies how the locational pattern of the two income classes and the incidence of landownership affects the support for commuting subsidies.

We study the political economy of commuting subsidies in a model of a monocentric city with two income classes. Depending on housing demand and transport costs, either the rich or the poor live in the central city and the other group in the suburbs. Commuting subsidies increase the net income of those with long commutes or high transport costs. They also affect land rents and therefore the income of landowners. The paper studies how the locational pattern of the two income classes and the incidence of landownership affects the support for commuting subsidies.

Deutschland ist durch seine regionale Struktur - mit vielen Zentren intensiver wirtschaftlicher Aktivität - besonders interessant für Analysen zu räumlichen Mechanismen von Städten und zu Wechselwirkungen zwischen Regionen. Mit steigender Bevölkerungszahl in den Städten dient das Pendeln zwischen Wohn- und Arbeitsort als räumlicher Ausgleichsmechanismus und führt zu Interaktionen zwischen regionalen Arbeitsmärkten. Der Autor untersucht, wie lokale Arbeitsmärkte interagieren, wie stark besiedelte Märkte bei der Suche nach einem neuen Arbeitsplatz helfen und wie Beschäftigte auf Änderungen ihrer Pendlerdistanzen reagieren. Die verschiedenen Blickwinkel und die Verwendung von Mikro- und georeferenzierten Daten bieten neue empirische Erkenntnisse über die Interaktionen zwischen regionalen Arbeitsmärkten und das Mobilitätsverhalten in Deutschland.

The paper is written to foster understanding of the function of primary school pupils' highcommuting rate in Hungary's towns and cities and its role in the process of school choice. Based ontwo studies and on data collection covering all primary school pupils in the city of Pécs, I analyzed thepattern, direction and success rate of pupils' efforts to find higher quality schools than their districtschools. The aim of the study was to unpack the "commuting games" of the primary schools. Resultsindicate that, in contrast to national trends, the commuting rate of low-status and Roma primary schoolpupils is also very high within the city. However, while most of the commuting pupils have managedto enrol in higher quality schools than the ones in the catchment area of their homes, the majority oflow-status and Roma commuters appear to be attending lower quality schools than those close to theirhomes, because prestigious schools informally deter them. My findings challenge the literature whichclaims that the selection mechanisms of public education are predominantly regulated by the mutualchoices of prestigious schools and high-status pupils. Schools and their local or central maintenenceagents are unable to control the processes against the background of a centralized system.