Suchergebnisse

Chinese online media fandoms over the past two decades have been shaped and erased by natural website deaths and data loss, but also by governmental censorship, especially under the pressure of three major censorship campaigns that targeted pornographic and copyright-infringing publications. The preservation of this history, although necessary, also leads to ethical debates regarding exposing fandoms to censors.

The European Union (EU) is under severe pressure, due to the multiple crises it has to manage. Among them, the refugee crisis is remarkable, since it is shaking both the individual member states and the EU as a whole. The media coverage of the refugee crisis is important because the media still are the main source of information concerning distant issues (the refugee crisis included), and as such it facilitates people's access to social reality. Using the perspective of agenda-setting and the conceptual background of framing theory, we aim to (1) identify the most prominent frames online media employ with reference to the refugee crisis, and (2) reveal the tone of voice online media use when portraying issues related to this crisis. To achieve these two goals, we content analyzed 1493 online news articles, published between April 15, 2015 and February 29, 2016. Main findings show that online media outlets mainly refer to the refugee crisis in terms of responsibility and conflict, in this order of prominence. At the same time, online media portals prefer using a reasonably balanced viewpoint when portraying the refugees, and a slightly negative one in terms of attitudes towards the European Union.

We develop a model with many advertisers (products) and many advertising markets (media). Each advertiser sells to a different segment of consumers, and each medium is targeting a different audience. We characterize the competitive equilibrium in the advertising markets and evaluate the implications of targeting. An increase in targeting leads to an increase in the total number of consumer‐product matches, and hence in the social value of advertising. Yet, targeting also increases the concentration of firms advertising in each market. Surprisingly, we then find that the equilibrium price of advertisements is first increasing, then decreasing, in the targeting capacity. We trace out the implications of targeting for competing media. We distinguish offline and online media by their targeting ability: low versus high. As consumers' relative exposure to online media increases, the revenues of offline media decrease, even though the price of advertising might increase.

Introduction / Maria Silvia Vaccarezza and Nancy E. Snow -- Democratic truth-seeking, tribal epistemologies, and trust / Nancy E. Snow -- Democracy, information technology, and virtue epistemology / Jason Baehr -- Misinformation and intentional deception : a novel account of fake news / Michel Croce and Tommaso Piazza -- Post-truth, false balance and virtuous gatekeeping / Alfred Archer and Natascha Rietdijk -- Psychological processes in social media : implications for democracy / Shane Connelly, Marina Mery, and Keith Strasbaugh -- The halo effect, post-truth communication, and practical wisdom / Claudia Navarini, Allegra Indraccolo, Elena Ricci, and Ricardo Brunetti -- Patience, love of truth, and navigating online media in an age of distraction / Jason Kawall -- Anger, moral address and claimant injustice / Alessandra Tanesini -- Reconceiving civic competence for the digital age / Rena Beatrice Goldstein -- The virtues of the E-interlocutor / Howard J. Curzer -- Partisanship and epistemic partiality / Valeria Ottonelli -- Partisanship as virtue and vice / Yuval Eylon -- Post-factualism, political communication and the role of citizens / Maria Paola Ferretti.

This article explores the contribution of the concept of 'minimal politics' to understanding contemporary blogging. Politics is often used to refer only to state actions or to very rare ruptures to existing formations; citizens' and social media are often only considered successful if they influence political leaders or lead to radical social change. The perspective adopted in this article, drawing on theories of agonistic democracy and hegemony, foregrounds the apparently quotidian ways in which current formations are destabilized. To explore the smallest radically democratic practices of contesting what appears to be a current hegemonic formation, the article analyses blog coverage of the publication in Germany of Thilo Sarrazin's book Deutschland schafft sich ab. The book, celebrated by some sections of the media and population, argued that the genetic transmission of intelligence and the high number of Muslim immigrants in Germany was leading to the demise of the country. Analysis identified three strategies utilized by blogs to contest the Sarrazin case: rebutting, reflecting, re-articulating. The political aspect of blogging, it is argued, should not be reduced to moments of rupture or moments of consensus, but also encompass the practices of tearing apparently tiny fissures in current media/social constellations.

In their online communications, political elites may choose to strategically eschew mainstream media sources and engage with alternative media outlets based on ideological and strategic considerations about the type of content they wish to legitimize or amplify to their followers. This is particularly true on social media which has become a fertile breeding ground for viral non-mainstream media content. Using an extensive dataset of social media posts sent from Members of the U.S. Congress between 2011 and 2022 (6.3 million tweets, 2.3 million Facebook posts), this article explores how media engagement in congressional online communications has evolved over time. The results suggest clear trends of asymmetric polarization, both in terms of media link sharing and media handle engagement, with Republican homophily and extremity of engagement growing steadily over time. This growing extremity is explained by changing Member behavior rather than changes in the composition of Congress and is primarily driven by more ideologically extreme Members of the Republican party increasingly engaging with rightwing and alt-right media. These trends have intensified in recent years, especially after the election of Donald Trump in 2016. Collectively, these results shed light on shifting ideological trends in media engagement and have important implications for our understanding of the relationship between political elites and the media in a highly polarized contemporary political environment.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent and quality of online intellectual capital (IC) disclosure released via websites and social media in relation to university stakeholders' information needs in Spanish public universities. In addition, this paper examines whether there are differences in the online IC disclosure according to the type of university.


Design/methodology/approach
The study applies content analysis and a survey. The content analysis was used to analyse the websites and social media (Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and Instagram) of all Spanish public universities in the year 2019, whereas the survey was submitted to all members of the Social Councils of Spanish public universities.


Findings
The findings indicate that university stakeholders attach great importance to online disclosure of specific information about IC. However, the findings emphasise that Spanish universities' website and social media content are still in their infancy. Specifically, this study found that the quality of disclosed information on IC in public universities' websites is of low level, particularly with regard to the disclosure of relational capital. The study found that the information provided by Spanish public universities via social media mainly concerns the structural and relational capital. Likewise, the results of this paper evidence that the larger and more internationally focused universities reveal more online information on IC.


Practical implications
The results of the research may be beneficial for managers of higher education institutions as a basis for developing adequate strategies addressing IC disclosure through the websites. In order to satisfy the information needs of university stakeholders, Spanish universities can be recommended to focus on reporting higher-quality information on financial relations, students' satisfaction, quality standard, work-related knowledge/know-how and collaboration between universities and other organisations such as firms, local government and society as a whole.


Originality/value
This study explores two innovative tools to provide IC disclosure in the higher education institutions context, namely, websites and social media, whereas previous studies focused on traditional tools as annual report. Likewise, this study considers the quality of this information.

Online pressrooms are important for public relations practitioners when improving their media relations in a rapidly developing new media ecosystem. This paper aims to provide an insight into the journalists' preferences when retrieving information from online pressrooms. In a mixed design, qualitative and quantitative data were collected from Turkish journalists. As the first step of the study, a focus group with 11 journalists was conducted to understand what the expectations of journalists of online pressrooms are, and how they verbally express these demands. These qualitative data were then used for the structuring of a survey questionnaire that was applied to a sample of 155 journalists. Results indicate that journalists were frustrated by the current state of online pressrooms. Journalists asserted that information-rich and skilfully designed pressrooms help increase the corporations' credibility. Journalists designated visuals and news archives as the most important contents for an online pressroom. It is also found that journalists trust more an organization if they receive fast answers from an authorized media relations person. Furthermore, our cluster analysis revealed that junior journalists with more new media practice have more trust in organizations with successful online media relations.

Die Nutzung von Computer und Internet gehört inzwischen zum selbstverständlichen Alltagshandeln der meisten Kinder und Jugendlichen in unserer Gesellschaft. Informationssuche für die Schularbeiten oder über Stars, Online Spiele, Musik-Downloads, Foren, Chats – das Internet dient als Wissens- und Unterhaltungsraum für eine ganze Bandbreite von Interessen. Die Sicht der Gesellschaft auf diese Internetaktivitäten von Kindern ist zwiespältig: Zum einen ist die möglichst frühzeitige Bildung einer umfassenden, alle neuen Medien einschließenden Informationskompetenz erwünscht und wird begrüßt, zum anderen fordert die ungeschützte Konfrontation mit z.B. pornographischem, gewalthaltigem oder rassistischem Material den Jugendschutz heraus. Die Zusammenstellung neuerer sozialwissenschaftlicher Literatur- und Forschungsnachweise gibt Einblick in die Diskussionen zum Thema Medienkompetenz und Mediennutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Sozial- und medienwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen erheben, beschreiben und erklären, in welchem Ausmaß und welchen Zusammenhängen Kinder und Jugendliche das Internet nutzen, was die besonderen Leistungen des Mediums für diese Nutzergruppen sind.
Im ersten Abschnitt werden empirische Untersuchungen, theoretische oder übergreifende Arbeiten präsentiert, wobei die rasante Entwicklung von Formaten und ihrer Nutzung, die Pfade der Mediensozialisation, die geschlechter- und gruppenspezifischen Unterschiede in der Mediennutzung wichtige Aspekte sind. Im zweiten Kapitel werden Arbeiten vorgestellt, die sich im engeren Sinne mit der Medienkompetenz und dem konkreten Medienhandeln von Kindern und Jugendlichen beschäftigen. Die persönlichen und soziostrukturellen Voraussetzungen für die Entwicklung von Medienkompetenz und die souveräne Teilhabe an der digitalen Informationsgesellschaft sind hierbei leitende Themen. Die Beobachtung sozialer Ungleichheit – wichtiger Topos in der gegenwärtigen Analyse zahlreicher gesellschaftlicher Teilbereiche – erstreckt sich auch auf den Zugang zu und die Nutzung von Computer und Internet. Soziale Ungleichheit wird in zwei Richtungen beleuchtet: mit der Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit in der digitalen Welt als "digital divide", zugleich wird aber auch die Eröffnung neuer gesellschaftlicher Teilhabemöglichkeiten durch die Nutzung von Computer und Internet gerade für nicht-privilegierte Kinder und Jugendliche verwiesen.