Political socialization research has been characterized by a number of poorly documented but widely accepted generalizations. In particular, it has been assumed that indetgenarational consistency in political attitudes is the usual, if not the inevitable, outcome of the political socialization process in Western democracies.
Political Science has traditionally employed empirical research and analytical resources to understand, explain and predict political phenomena. One of the long-standing criticisms against empirical modeling targets the static perspective provided by the model-invariant paradigm. In political science research, this issue has a particular relevance since political phenomena prove sophisticated degrees of context-dependency whose complexity could be hardly captured by traditional approaches. To cope with the complexity challenge, a new modeling paradigm was needed. This book is concerned with this challenge. Moreover, the book aims to reveal the power of computational modeling of political attitudes to reinforce the political methodology in facing two fundamental challenges: political culture modeling and polity modeling. The book argues that an artificial polity model as a powerful research instrument could hardly be effective without the political attitude and, by extension, the political culture computational and simulation modeling theory, experiments and practice. This book: -Summarizes the state of the art in computational modeling of political attitudes, with illustrations and examples featured throughout.-Explores the different approaches to computational modeling and how the complexity requirements of political science should determine the direction of research and evaluation methods.-Addresses the newly emerging discipline of computational political science.-Discusses modeling paradigms, agent-based modeling and simulation, and complexity-based modeling.-Discusses model classes in the fundamental areas of voting behavior and decision-making, collective action, ideology and partisanship, emergence of social uprisings and civil conflict, international relations, allocation of public resources, polity and institutional function, operation, development and reform, political attitude formation and change in democratic societies. This book is ideal for students who need a conceptual and operational description of the political attitude computational modeling phases, goals and outcomes in order to understand how political attitudes could be computationally modeled and simulated. Researchers, Governmental and international policy experts will also benefit from this book.
This paper examines the influences of religious and political attitudes on attitudes towards women in power. Specifically, I measure the ideology and general favorability of Conservative Christians (Seventhday Adventists) towards various political candidates and ideological positions. This question is worth analyzing, considering relatively recent events regarding the role of women in politics and corresponding discussion in religious circles on the role of women in church leadership. A survey method was used to test whether there is a relationship between attitudes towards women in power in politics (female political candidates) and women in power in religion (women's ordination), as well as to measure additional variables that might predict any relationship. 351 subjects in three separate groups indicated attitudes towards ten religious and ten political statements using a 5-point Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The results were analyzed using a Pearson's correlation coefficient, while also running the non-parametric Kendall's tau-b because of possible violations of parametric assumptions. The hypothesis that a strong positive relationship exists between attitudes towards religious women & political women in power was supported by a statistically significant positive correlation at the level of more general attitudes between women's ordination and female political candidates, but not when specific candidates were considered. Finally, favorability towards women in power and more "liberal" ideology were positively correlated to some degree, which suggests changing attitudes towards women in power have an ideological basis that may be consistent with trends within Conservative Protestant circles.
Pol'al sci'ts & sociol'ts have indicated concern for the study of changes in pol'al att's over time & soc psychol'ts have contributed theoretical frameworks for attitude change, yet there have been few attempts to integrate these theoretical frameworks in the examination of pol'al att's. By focusing on the cognitive map of the individual in the electorate, aspects of cognitive consistency theories are operationalized by a set of indices which measure consistency between an individual's stand on a series of pol'al issues, his cognition of the pol'al party most likely to pursue his issue interests, & his partisan identification. Through the use of panel data from nat'l samples of the US pop, the strain toward consistency posed by soc psychol'ts is tested by examining the prevalence of consistency at 2 points in time, the changes that occur over a 2-yr period & the components of attitude structure which are changed. The findings support a discernible tendency toward consistency & the relative ease of changing cognitive (vs affective) components in pol'al attitude structures. AA.
THIS STUDY PROPOSES A MODEL OF SURVEY RESPONSE WHICH TAKES ACCOUNT OF VAGUENESS IN OPINION SURVEY QUESTIONS AND IN RESPONSE CATEGORIES. WHEN ESTIMATES ARE MADE OF THIS VAGUENESS OR MEASUREMENT ERROR AND THE ESTIMATE APPLIED TO THE PRINCIPAL PREVIOUS STUDY NEARLY ALL OF THE INCONSIS TENCY IS SHOWN TO BE THE RESULT OF THE VAGUENESS OF THE QUESTIONS RATHER THAN ANY FAILURE BY THE RESPONDENTS.
Politische Situation in Deutschland. Einstellungen zu politischen Parteien.
Themen: Wahlbeteiligungsabsicht und Wahlabsicht (Sonntagsfrage); Alternative Wahlabsicht; andere wählbare Partei: Piratenpartei; andere wählbare Partei: Freie Wähler; Wahlverhalten bei der letzten Bundestagswahl 2009 (Recall); Positive oder negative Assoziation mit Begriffen (Volkspartei, Mitgefühl, konservativ, christlich, sozial, wirtschaftsnah, bürgerlich, liberal, Chancen, Leistung, Zusammenhalt, Freiheit, Sicherheit, Stabilität, Ordnung, Leistungsgerechtigkeit, Soziale Marktwirtschaft, Mitte, qualifizierte Zuwanderung, Haushaltskonsolidierung, Wahlfreiheit für Familien, intelligentes Sparen, Respekt, Demografischer Wandel, Werte, Tradition, Heimat, Vertrauen); Ärger über politische Entscheidungen; Themen, über die sich geärgert wurde; Betroffenheit durch politische Entscheidungen (aktuell); Entscheidungen, durch die man persönlich betroffen wurde (aktuell); Positive oder negative Auswirkung der Entscheidung; Betroffenheit durch politische Entscheidungen (prospektiv); Entscheidungen, durch die man persönlich betroffen sein wird (prospektiv); Partei, bei der man sich am besten aufgehoben fühlt; subjektive Zugehörigkeit zu ´kleinen Leuten´.
Politische Positionen (Politik kümmert sich um die Probleme der kleinen Leute, Sorge um Einschränkung des Lebensstandards, Schuldenabbau um Wohlstand zu halten, Staatsschulden sind gut, wenn sie für die Zukunft der Kinder gemacht werden, Angst, am Abend alleine aus dem Haus zu gehen, Probleme mit dem Alltagstempo Schritt zu halten, staatliche Unterstützung für Leistungsbereite, Akzeptanz Leistungsprinzip, Volksparteien verhindern die Durchsetzung von Einzelinteressen, Tempo 30 in Städten, Befürwortung von Großprojekten); Assoziation bestimmter Begriffe mit Parteien (Volkspartei, modern, Mitgefühl, konservativ, christlich, bodenständig, sozial, wirtschaftsnah, bürgerlich, liberal, Aufstieg, Chancen, Leistung, Zusammenhalt, Freiheit, Sicherheit, Stabilität, Ordnung, Leistungsgerechtigkeit, Zukunft, Soziale Marktwirtschaft, Mitte, Wohlstand, qualifizierte Zuwanderung, Haushaltskonsolidierung, Wahlfreiheit für Familien, intelligentes Sparen, Demografischer Wandel, Werte, Tradition, Heimat, gutes Regieren, Sachverstand, kümmert sich um die Bürger, Partei für Alle, kann Deutschland nach vorne bringen, führungsstark, tatkräftig, ehrlich, verlässlich, glaubwürdig, verantwortungsvoll, vertrauen).
Politicians and political scientists alike have long recognized the impact of the local political environment on the attitudes and behavior of community residents. V.O. Key demonstrated in a variety of contexts the striking persistence of distinctive community political traditions. The extensive discussion of the "suburban conversion" hypothesis has turned in part on the question of the influence of the local community on partisan attitudes. A number of studies of voting behavior have shown that majority views in a community have a disproportionate advantage in gaining and holding adherents. There is, in short, good reason to suspect that the local community has a significant influence on social attitudes and political behavior. Why is this so? How does the Republican "atmosphere" in Elmira affect the votes of individual Elmirans? How are community political traditions maintained through decades of changing community composition? Why does the minority party in a community fail to mobilize many of the voters who are predisposed toward it? What explanation of these sorts of community influence seems most adequate?—this is the question to be examined in this paper.
Politische Einstellungen, Ansichten zur Außenpolitik und Beurteilung von Parteien sowie Politikern.
Themen: Wichtigste Probleme der BRD und Zufriedenheit mit den Lösungsanstrengungen; Beurteilung der Wirtschaftspolitik sowie der Außenpolitik, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ostpolitik; Einstellung zur Oder-Neiße-Linie, zur Anerkennung der DDR und zur Einführung einer Mehrwertsteuer; vermuteter Einfluß einer Mehrwertsteuer auf die Preisentwicklung; Einstellung zur Haltung Frankreichs bezüglich der Verhinderung des EWG-Beitritts Englands und Einstellung zur EWG allgemein; Beurteilung der internationalen Beziehungen der BRD und der Leistungen der Bundesregierung; wichtigste Aufgaben der Regierung; Issue-Kompetenz der Parteien; Bekanntheitsgrad und Parteizugehörigkeit von Politikern; Beurteilung von Bundeskanzler Kiesinger, der Großen Koalition und der Opposition; politisches Wissen und politische Partizipation; Wahlabsicht und Parteipräferenz (Sonntagsfrage); Parteiidentifikation (Kontinuum für die einzelnen Parteien); Wahlverhalten bei der letzten Bundestagswahl; Einstellung zu eine Wahlrechtsreform, zu Demonstrationen und Protestmärschen; Beurteilung der Möglichkeiten eines erneuten Nationalsozialismus in Deutschland; Nennung der derzeit beliebtesten Vornamen für Jungen und Mädchen; Zufriedenheit mit der wirtschaftlichen Situation; erwartete Preisentwicklung; allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit und Zukunftserwartung; Mitgliedschaft in eine Gewerkschaft; Religiosität.
