Suchergebnisse

Examines the transition to democracy following the apartheid regime and its effect on integrating former adversaries, the South African Defense Force (SADF) and guerrillas, into the new South African National Defense Force (SANDF).

AbstractThis article argues that South Koreans' anti-Japanism in the post-liberation period can be regarded as an ideological construction, which was inevitably required to reshape their national identity, rather than as a reasonable and serious critical consideration of colonial Japan. Anti-Japanism functions as an identification framework in an era when Koreans needed to develop a new discourse which reflects the rapid politico-socio-cultural changes of that period. Under military control of the United States and the Soviet Union, Koreans made Japan the other in a number of ways in order to unite their nation state and national identity, relying specifically on racial difference and hierarchy. First, Korean intellectuals, who once cooperated with colonial Japan in the political sphere or in their ordinary lives, explicitly revealed their anti-Japanese sentiments in their writings right after liberation. Second, after liberation, anti-Japanism emerged from a process that Koreans would exploit, after demarcating the moral difference between themselves and the remaining Japanese migrants, to exclude the Japanese from their community. Finally, anti-Japanism in the post-liberation period can be detected in Koreans' tenacious attitude, as they tacitly restricted the articulation of filial or cultural hybridity with the Japanese people in order to reconfigure their national identity.

Upon their return from exile after World War II, Surrealist writers and artists encountered a Parisian intellectual climate transformed by the legacy of the Resistance and nascent Cold War political and cultural battles. Once at the centre of the inter-war avant-garde, Surrealists endured accusations of irrelevance issued by Existentialist writer Jean-Paul Sartre and Communist Party taunts of anti-revolutionary tendencies, advanced by Louis Aragon and others. Yet Surrealism retained and attracted many supporters and as such still constituted a potent threat to Sartre's and Aragon's groups. This paper employs Pierre Bourdieu's concept of boundaries to explore exchanges between and strategic positioning of these cultural entities. In order to fully legitimise their cultural relevance, Existentialist and Communist writers defined the discursive boundaries of their groups in part by comparing themselves with Surrealism. Paradoxically, their very public engagement with the tenets of Surrealism attests to the continued influence of the post-war Surrealist movement.

The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr, 50 years ago on 04 April 1968, has been recalled in the United States with memorial services, conferences, public discussions and books. In contrast, the commemoration in 2017 of the death of Albert John Mvumbi Luthuli, 50 years ago on December 1967, passed almost unremarked. That is to our detriment. Yet, these two Christian fighters for freedom, in different contexts, did not only have much in common, but they also left remarkably similar and equally inspiring legacies for South Africa, the United States and the world in the ways they lived their lives in complete faith commitment to ideals and ways of struggle that may guide us in the ongoing struggles to make the world a more just, peacable and humane place. For South African reflections on our ethical stance in the fierce, continuing struggles for justice, dignity and the authenticity of our democracy, I propose that these two leaders should be considered in tandem. We should learn from both. This article engages Martin Luther King Jr's belief in the 'inescapable network of mutuality', applies it to the struggle for freedom in South Africa and explores the ways in which South Africans can embrace these ethical ideals in facing the challenges of post-liberation. ; Prof. Boesak is participating in the research project, titled, 'African Christianity and Development', directed by Prof. Dr Jerry Pillay, Department of Church History and Church Polity, Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria. ; http://www.hts.org.za ; am2020 ; Dogmatics and Christian Ethics