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Cassius Dio's account of Caligula's principate pivots on the divide between Caligula's 'democratic' debut and his later decline into despotism. As Dio reports, the murder of the emperor in 41 CE polarised the Senate on the question of whether to abolish the Principate or to confirm it. It is likely that Dio's interest in such a crucial passage depends on his own experience of the end of Commodus and the accession of Pertinax in 192-193 CE. The underpinning of his political thought is Stoic: when the relationship between the princeps and the Senate collapses, the solution is not so much 'republicanism' as a 'republican spirit', to be intended as a fruitful cooperation between the two.

In this book, Sara Phang explores the ideals and realities of Roman military discipline, which regulated the behaviour of soldiers in combat and their punishment, as well as economic aspects of their service, including compensation and other benefits, work and consumption. This thematically-organized study analyzes these aspects of discipline, using both literary and documentary sources. Phang emphasizes social and cultural conflicts in the Roman army. Contrary to the impression that Roman emperors 'bought' their soldiers and indulged them, discipline restrained such behaviour and legitimized and stabilized the imperial power. Phang argues that emperors and aristocratic commanders gained prestige from imposing discipline, while displaying leadership in person and a willingness to compromise with a restive soldiery

"Mare nostrum" – unser Meer. So betiteln die Römer spätestens seit dem ersten vorchristlichen Jahrhundert das Mittelmeer. Das besitzanzeigende nostrum verdeutlicht ihren maritimen Machtanspruch. In einem beinahe zweihundertjährigen Prozess wuchs die Stadt am Tiber zur mittelmeerumspannenden Supermacht des Altertums heran. Wie keine andere antike Küstenkultur zuvor verstand es Rom, seine Hegemonie über das Mittelmeer aufzubauen und systematisch maritime Kontrahenten auszuschalten. Marco Ladewig zeichnet in diesem Band die Genese der römischen Seeherrschaft nach. Zugleich spürt er in den römischen Kulten, der Architektur, der Wirtschaft und der Innenpolitik Belegen für eine römische Thalassokratie nach, um mit dem Zerrbild der res publica populi romani als Landmacht aufzuräumen und sie – wie alle anderen antiken Kulturen ebenso – als Küstenkultur darzustellen. Rom und das Mittelmeer sind untrennbar miteinander verbunden, denn nur über die Beherrschung des Meeres wurde die Stadt Rom zum Imperium Romanum.

International audience ; With the advent of the Augustan Principate in 27 B.C., the equestrian and senatorial orders are rebuilding after civil wars which have decimated them. Roman elites, providing the essential of the army officers, disappeared entirely for the majority. Therefore, Augustus decides to use new recruitment bases to fill gap orders. He chooses as integration vector the military tribune. As part of research on the « hierarchy and ranking », we propose to analyze the recruitment of military tribune. The whole study is based on epigraphic data. ; Avec l'avènement du Principat d'Auguste en 27 av. J.-C., les ordres équestre et sénatorial se reconstituent après des guerres civiles qui les ont décimés. Les élites de Rome, fournissant l'essentiel des officiers de l'armée, ont en grande partie disparu avec leurs lignées. Dès lors, Auguste décide de s'appuyer sur des nouvelles bases de recrutement pour combler ces vides. Il choisit comme vecteur d'intégration aux ordres le tribunat militaire. Dans le cadre des recherches sur la « hiérarchie et la hiérarchisation », nous proposons d'analyser le recrutement du tribunat militaire. L'ensemble de cette étude repose sur des données épigraphiques.

This study describes the meaning of libertas as a political idea at Rome during the two hundred years or so between the Gracchi and Trajan, a period in which the Republican constitution gradually gave way and was finally superceded by the Principate which, in its own turn, considerably changed during the first century AD. Libertas, while identified with the republican constitution during the Republican period, continued to be a popular slogan and a constitutional principle under the Principate, and C H Wirszubski questions whether the political content of Roman libertas changed as the Roman constitution was transformed. He explores the general characteristics of libertas before engaging with both the background and the major points that were at issue, concluding his analysis with consideration of libertas in the context of the Principate. Originally published in the 1950s, Wirszubski's classic study has been digitally reprinted for a new generation of scholars

L'étude du vocabulaire afférent aux marais et marécages chez les historiens latins de la République romaine et du Principat montre que les termes que ces auteurs utilisent servent à préciser le cadre dans lequel se déroulent certains événements, essentiellement militaires. Le choix de ces vocables est en partie subordonné au fait que l'histoire à Rome n'est pas une science mais un genre littéraire, le plus souvent au service d'une idéologie ou d'une volonté de propagande. Elle servit de modèle à la fin de la République et sous le Principat ; The study of the vocabulary pertaining to marshes and swamps among the Latin historians of the Roman Republic and of the Principatus shows that the terms used by these authors help to specify the environment of certain events – essentially military ones. The choice of these words is partly subject to the fact that in Rome, history is not a science, but a literary genre, most often at the service of an ideology or a desire for propaganda ; pp. 119-138