Suchergebnisse

Signage in urban 'open-street' CCTV arrangements is explored in relation to the strategies and forms of law brought to bear upon it. In the context of privacy regulation, CCTV signage's content reflects deterrence strategies and political subjectification consistent with liberal governmentality. CCTV signage is evinced to be both an agent and target of privacy and other forms of law and is therefore shaped and brought into being by complex webs of legal governance. Rather than befitting panoptic arrangements or merely amplifying CCTV's deterrent effects, CCTV signage signals and serves as a vital element of the surveillant assemblage. Possessing varied functions, including features attributed to surveillance cameras, CCTV signage is a material means by which the surveillance assemblage interfaces with the legal complex and by which urban time-spaces are constituted. This analysis moves beyond previous accounts of regulatory signage and has broad implications for governmentality and surveillance studies.

The right to privacy, especially with regard to personal health condition, seems to be an issue in China. Illegal access to personal information and illegal disclosure of personal information to others constitute the infringement of the Personal Privacy Act. Although the privacy right has been governed under the Constitution since the 1980's, however, its implementation has not yet been satisfactory due to some reasons. This paper aims to describe the implementation of the patient's privacy regulations in the People's Republic of China. This normative legal research employing a descriptive-qualitative method. The study shows that the right to privacy for the patients in China needs to get more attention from government, medical personnel and ruling groups.

Information security and privacy regulation are significant areas of legislation in the financial and micro-finance sectors in the world. There are significant disparities between the developed and developing countries concerning adoption and application of the data protection laws. The developed world has exemplified its laws in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) clause of the European Union that comes into effect on May 18, 2018. In the US, the main law has been the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) of the late 1990s. The developing countries, on the other hand, exhibit slow drafting of new finance and micro-finance privacy laws and still use policies of the 1990s. The purpose of the study is, therefore, to examine the effectiveness of privacy and data protection laws in finance and micro-finance sectors in the developed and developing parts of the world in the current technological era. The method of the study is a mixed qualitative and quantitative assessment of case studies of recent literature on the subject. Each case study will feature the variables of the presence of privacy laws and information security regulations, and the level of enforcement of those regulations that inform the statistics. The other variable will be the level of effectiveness of the application of privacy and information security laws in developed and developing nations based on case study outcomes. The results indicate that out of 10 examined cases, six show failures of the laws in developing nations while 1 shows failure in a developed nation (South Korea) and 1, in the US, presents mixed results. The recommendations include the adoption of international laws that govern data security in the financial sector, such as the current GDPR of the European of Union.

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Advances in information technology, along with an increasing number of parties with access to identifiable health information, have created new challenges to maintaining the privacy of medical records. Patients and providers alike have expressed concern that broad access to medical records by insurers, employers, and others may result in inappropriate use of the information. Congress sought to protect the privacy of individuals' medical information as part of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). HIPAA included a timetable for developing comprehensive privacy standards that would establish rights for patients with respect to their medical records and define the conditions for using and disclosing identifiable health information. The final privacy regulation offers all Americans the opportunity to know and, to some extent, control how physicians, hospitals, and health plans use their personal information. At the same time, these entities will face a complex set of privacy requirements that are not well understood at this time. Some of the uncertainty expressed by stakeholder groups reflects the recent issuance of the regulation. With time, everyone will have greater opportunity to examine its provisions and assess their implications for the ongoing operations of everyone affected. In addition, on a more fundamental level, the uncertainty stems from HHS' approach of allowing entities flexibility in complying with its requirements. Although organizations generally applaud this approach, they acknowledge that greater specificity would likely allay some of their compliance concerns."

Service frontline encounters between customers and service providers have been subject to fundamental changes in recent years. As two major change agents, technology infusion and data privacy regulations are inextricably linked and constitute a critical ethical and societal issue. Specifically, service frontlines—as represented by human or technological agents, or some hybrid form—rely on customer data for service provision, which subjects them to privacy regulations governing the collection, submission, access, and use of any customer data thus captured. However, scant research outlines the significant implications of evolving data privacy regulations for service frontline encounters. To advance knowledge in this domain, this research distills six key dimensions of global data privacy regulations (fairness, data limits, transparency, control, consent, and recourse). Employing an intelligences theoretical lens, the authors theorize how these dimensions might become differentially manifest across three service frontline interface types (human-based, technology-based, and hybrid). Carefully intersecting the need for varying intelligences across data privacy regulatory dimensions with the abilities of service frontline interfaces to harness each intelligence type, this study offers a novel conceptual framework that advances research and practice. Theoretical, managerial, and policy implications unfold from the proposed framework, which also can inform a future research agenda.

AbstractThe European Union is a global leader in data protection. Nevertheless, its efforts to shape market practice have been criticized as bureaucratic and lacking citizen participation. The adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has again stoked a heated implementation debate, focusing either on the law's complexity or its new enforcement sanctions. This article draws attention to a less explored provision, Article 80, which allows third parties including non‐governmental organizations to bring complaints for investigation. Empirically, the article demonstrates how NGOs are playing a bottom up role in transforming policy implementation. Theoretically, the article suggests that the legislation offers a novel governance tool – transnational fire alarms – in which third parties enhance accountability in the enforcement phase of the multilevel governance process. The article has implications for the evolution of privacy and data security within Europe as well as the interaction between transnational civil society and pan‐regional democracy.