Suchergebnisse

Inside the PA: True Confessions, Goodbye to the Hissing of Summer Lawns, Return of Cointelpro?, Abuse Mishandled in Circus, Coroner's Juries Say Shrinks' Scripts Help Kill 2 People, A Diary of Psychiatric Drug Use, Book Review: Dr. Caligari's Psychiatric Drugs, Break Down Language Barriers, No Help from Zone, Challenger Tragedy, Rock Out for Rebels, Book Review: Keeping Up with the Joneses ; https://thekeep.eiu.edu/post_amerikan/1151/thumbnail.jpg

As the global psychiatric community enters a new era of transformation, this book explores lessons learned from previous efforts with the goal of "getting it right" this time. In response to the common refrain that we know about and 'do' recovery already, the authors set the recovery movement within the conceptual framework of major thinkers and achievers in the history of psychiatry, such as Philippe Pinel, Dorothea Dix, Adolf Meyer, Harry Stack Sullivan, and Franco Basaglia. The book reaches beyond the usual boundaries of psychiatry to incorporate lessons from related fields, such as psycho

In this sample of eighty consecutive admissions to the Centre-Neuro-Psycho- Pathologique (CNPP) of Kinshasa, 81% were given a DSM-III diagnosis. This demonstrates that the DSM-III is a useful tool for psychiatric research in developing sub-saharan Africa. Schizophrenia, schizophreniform psychoses, and affective disorders appeared in their familiar forms. Zairois patients tended to present with complaints of insomnia, agitation and pressured speech. The most striking observa tions were the relative paucity of depressed mood, self-reproach, and suicidal idea tion in patients with major depression. Four cases of acute transient psychosis were noted.

Lay Summary There was a growing interest in psychology among British women in the post-war Far East. Military psychiatrists decried what they perceived as a lack of stigma associated with a psychiatric diagnosis and complained that it was the role of medical officers to prevent patients from seeking psychiatric help. Medical officers, however, were overworked and lacked sufficient psychiatric training. Some medical personnel thought this interest was leading to patients diagnosing themselves with psychiatric conditions and was, by extension, causing tension within the doctor-patient relationship.

In order to assess the religious beliefs and practices of psychiatric patients, a self- report questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was administered to 73 psychiatric patients and 25 non-psychiatric controls. Older age, membership of an ethnic minority and the presence of psychiatric disorder were all significantly associated with higher scores on the questionnaire. Psychotic subjects obtained the highest scores whilst those of depressed and parasuicide subjects were interme diate between those of the control and the psychotic groups. These results emphasise the importance of religion for many patients with common psychiatric problems. Specialist religious help may be of value in the management of such problems.

The aging is a phenomenon that describes the vital experience of a segment of the population, the oldness implies a personal fact and social, the Psycho-social Model arises like an alternative to face the process of aging in Chile. This work presents an analysis or adaptation of the psycho-social model (that was born for the mental health and psychiatric patient), its compatibility or mutual incompatibility with the national policies towards the greater adults and a proposal of work for V región, Chile. ; El envejecimiento es un fenómeno que describe la experiencia vital de un segmento de la población, la vejez implica un hecho personal y social, el Modelo Psicosocial surge como una alternativa para enfrentar el proceso de envejecimiento en Chile. El presente trabajo presenta un análisis o adaptación del modelo psicosocial (que nació para la salud mental y pacientes psiquiátricos), su compatibilidad o incompatibilidad con las políticas nacionales hacia los adultos mayores y una propuesta de trabajo para la V región.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAus sozialpädagogischen Gesichtspunkten handelt es sich bei den Begrifflichkeiten Empowerment, Recovery und Stigmatisierung um bedeutsame Themen, welche auch gesundheits- und gesellschaftspolitisch von beträchtlicher präventiver Bedeutung sind. In dieser vorliegenden Doktorarbeit sollen die Definitionen "Empowerment, Recovery und Stigmatisierung" näher thematisiert werden, wobei die Sichtweise einer bewältigungs- und ressourcenorientierten Sozialpädagogik in Bezug auf das psychiatrische Handlungsfeld im Zentrum des Denkens steht. Im Speziellen sollen mit Unterstützung der schriftlichen KlientInnen-Befragung als Erhebungsmethode der empirischen Sozialforschung konkrete Sachverhalte und Verhaltensweisen durch die befragte Person (Subjektperspektive) ermittelt werden. Dies ermöglicht, dass versteckte Potenziale wie Ressourcen und Selbstmanagement-Fähigkeiten von Nutzern sozialpsychiatrischer Dienstleistungen aufgezeigt werden. Mit sozialmedizinischer/sozialpädagogischer Intervention, in Anlehnung an Empowerment- und Recoverystrategien, sollen folglich autonome Lebensorganisationen verstärkt in den Vordergrund rücken, um zukünftige mögliche Stigmatisierungstendenzen an Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen im psychiatrischen Klinikalltag vermeiden zu können. Die beiden zentralen Fragestellungen, welche sich aus diesen vorangegangenen Überlegungen ergeben, lauten: "Welche Ressourcen und Selbstmanagementfähigkeiten von KlientInnen erleichtern die Verarbeitung von psychiatrischen Krankheitserfahrungen und helfen ihnen, sich vor Stigmatisierungstendenzen zu schützen?" und "Welche geschlechtsspezifischen Anforderungen soll eine psychiatrische Institution leisten, um ihren KlientInnen ein größtmögliches Maß an Individualität zu gewähren und welche Inhalte oder Rahmenbedingungen der psychiatrischen Behandlung fördern den Empowerment-Recovery-Prozess?" Die theoretischen Expertisen sowie die Auseinandersetzung mit den erhobenen Daten (durch SPSS) aus der quantitativen Untersuchung von 183 befragten, psychisch erkrankten KlientInnen aus der klinischen Psychiatrie verbunden mit psychiatrischer Erfahrung lässt ein konkretes Fundament für die empirische Sozialforschung zu. Anregungen sowie Lösungen zur erlebten Stigmatisierung an psychisch erkrankten KlientInnen sollen durch eine Zusammenführung dieser Ergebnisse in das sozialpädagogische Arbeitsfeld einmünden, um eine negative psychosoziale Konsequenz ihrer Erkrankung zu vermeiden und durch sozialmedizinische Intervention in Anlehnung an Empowerment- und Recoverystrategien ein Wiedererlangen zu einem sinnerfüllten Leben, trotz des Vorhandenseins von psychischen oft episodischen Symptomen, zu ermöglichen. ; ABSTRACTFrom a socio-pedagogical point of view the concepts of empowerment, recovery and stigmatisation are of paramount importance, especially when it comes to preventive aspects in decision making regarding health policies and societal aspects. In the herewith presented doctoral thesis the definitions of empowerment, recovery and stigmatisation will be thematized in-depth, while the points of view of a socio-pedagogy with strong orientation towards coping strategies and resources will be the main focus of the analyses when it comes to psychiatric spheres of actions. Specifically, by conducting written client surveys as the main method of data collection in empirical social research, concrete circumstances and modes of behaviour of the interviewee (perspective of the subject) will be collected. This method will detect hidden potentials such as yet unknown resources and self-management skills of clients frequently utilizing socio-psychiatric services. Based on empowerment and recovery strategies, autonomous life organisation ought be brought to the forefront by socio-medical and socio-pedagogical intervention to avoid possible future stigmatisation tendencies for clients with psychological illnesses during day-to-day operations in psychiatric clinics. Concluding from these deliberations, two main research questions can be established: "Which resources and self-management skills of clients alleviate coping with experiences related to psychiatric illnesses and help with protecting from stigmatization tendencies?" and "Which gender-related requirements should be provided by a psychiatric institution to allow the clients to uphold the utmost individuality and which content of or general framework for psychiatric treatment fosters the process of empowerment and recovery?" Theoretical expertise, the evaluation (by SPSS analyses) of the collected datasets from the quantitative surey of 183 interviewed mentally ill clients frequenting clinical psychiatric wards, as well as relying on profound psychiatric experience will give a stable basis for the empirical social research. Battling experiences of stigmatisation of mentally ill clients, based on these results a combination of suggestions and solutions will be enriching the socio-pedagogical field of working to avoid negative psycho-social concequences from mental illness and help recovering a meaningful purpose in life, despite the presence of possibly episodically reoccuring symptoms, through socio-medical intervention following empowerment and recovery strategies. ; vorgelegt von: Mag.a phil. Monika König-Posch ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Dissertation, 2017 ; OeBB ; (VLID)2304934

Adolescent deliberate self-harm (DSH) has been found to be associated with a range of bio-psycho-social factors. Simultaneous investigations of these factors enable more robust estimation of the independent effect of a specific risk factor by adjusting for a more complete set of covariates. However, few studies have had the ability to examine all of these factors together. This study used the linkage of population-level de-identified data collections from government agencies to investigate a range of biological, psychological, and social risk factors and their effects on adolescent risk of DSH (with or without suicidal intent). The investigation was undertaken by progressively adjusting for plausible covariates, including fetal growth status and birth order, early familial social factors, parental hospital admissions due to psychiatric disorders or DSH, and parental all-cause death. Conditional logistic regression was used for data analysis. Children's psychiatric history was analysed to examine the extent to which it may account for the link between the risk factors and adolescent DSH risk. This study identified significant biological and perinatal social risk factors for adolescent DSH risk, including overdue birth, high birth order (≥2), single or teen/young motherhood, high neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage, and parental psychiatric and/or DSH-related hospital admissions. Further, parental psychiatric and/or DSH-related admissions, and children's psychiatric admissions in particular, largely attenuated the effects of the perinatal social risk factors but not the biological factors on adolescent DSH risk. These results highlight the importance of taking joint actions involving both health and social services in the prevention of adolescent DSH.

J. E. JEFFRESS gives a succinct report of a survey on training facilities in trans cultural psychiatry presently offered in psychiatric residency programs in the United States. A. E. HIPPLER interprets the apparent swing from a "passive weak" to an "active dangerous" stereotype and posture of many young American Negroes. It would appear that the stable elements of these stereo typed responses are being preserved even while they seem to change on the surface. E. M. PATTISON, N. A. LAPINS, and H. A. DOERR report the construc tion of a personality and social profile of faith-healed members of various sects known to practice faith healing in the Seattle area. Many common psychological characteristics which they found are interpreted as the ego defense mechanisms of denial, externalization, and projection, whereas shared beliefs would serve as ego-integrative and sociointegrative systems adapted to particular subcultures. E. M. PATTISON and R. L. CASEY discuss some psycho logical interpretations of glossolalia derived from their studies of the psycho linguistic aspects of this phenomenon. The following papers are devoted to Canadian and American aboriginal groups. For the first time in Canada a mental health team headed by a psychiatrist visited ten Indian reserves in Saskatchewan for the purpose of finding active psychiatric cases. C. ROY reports on the data, which was compared with that obtained from the adjoining non-Indian communities. Statistical analysis revealed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the Indian communities was significantly higher. Similar conclusions, although only partially supported by the material presen ted, are drawn by C. P. HELLON from psychiatric case histories of Indians, Metis, and Eskimos admitted to the Alberta Hospital, Oliver, as compared to a nonaboriginal control group. According to the author, personality disorders are more frequent in aborigines, and such factors as violence, promiscuity, and criminality correlate with crude measures of acculturation. In two papers on the psychological implications of culture change affecting Cree Indians in Quebec, R. M. WINTROB and P. S. SINDELL describe the discontinuities in enculturation which result from Cree children being sent to distant towns to attend school. The authors focus on the nature of identity conflict among adolescent students, their efforts to resolve it, and the psychopathology charac teristic of failure to resolve it. After a description of how she gradually succeeded in establishing positive therapeutic relations with Indian patients of the upper Fraser Valley, British Columbia, L. JILEK-AALL argues that private psycho therapy for native Indian patients can be given effectively only by a therapist who has a good knowledge of and a deep interest in specific problems of the aboriginal population. This section ends with a brief historical reminder by R. C. DAILEY of the Jesuit missionaries' perceptions of the Indians' drinking behavior. The author thinks that such a behavior was an extension of pre contact cultural patterns.

Background: Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is common in medical settings but has been underdiagnosed. Stigma related to psychiatric illness was one of the barriers to making the diagnosis. More and more SSD patients who visited psychiatric clinics with physical complaints identify themselves as having 'autonomic dysregulation' in Taiwan. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with a subjective diagnosis of 'autonomic dysregulation'. Method: We assessed the sociodemographic profile, medical/psychiatric diagnoses, subjective psychiatric diagnoses, perceived psychiatric stigma, help-seeking attitude, and healthcare utilization of 122 participants with SSD. Participants who identified themselves as having 'autonomic dysregulation' ( n = 84) were compared to those who did not (n=38). Results: Participants with a subjective diagnosis of 'autonomic dysregulation' were younger and had a higher education level than those who did not have such a subjective diagnosis. They also had higher scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and Health Anxiety Questionnaire (HAQ), whereas comorbid psychiatric diagnoses were similar in the two groups. Participants with and without a subjective diagnosis of 'autonomic dysregulation' did not have a significant difference in perceived psychiatric stigma and help-seeking attitude/behaviors. In a multiple logistic regression model, only age was associated with having a subjective diagnosis of 'autonomic dysregulation'. Conclusion: Among SSD patients, those who identify themselves as having 'autonomic dysregulation' tend to have higher somatic distress and health anxiety than those who do not. 'Autonomic dysregulation' is not associated with perceived psychiatric stigma.

Background: Homelessness, a worldwide psychosocial phenomenon, is now also prevalent in Greece, mainly in Athens area. Methods: The possible psychiatric morbidity related to help-seeking and the underlying factors were explored in a sample of 254 homeless people from Greater Athens area, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Results: The sample was predominantly male (74%) with mean age of 51 years, being in their majority homeless for over 25 months, 34.3% of them living in rough sleeping places. Overall, 56.7% of the sample met the criteria for a current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) psychiatric disorder with 20.8% comorbidity. Only 36.2% of the identified psychiatric cases had any recent psychiatric care, while 44.4% were taking non-prescribed medication and 20.2% have been hospitalized in the last year. On the contrary, 70% of alcohol- and drug-dependent persons have been treated in a psychiatric agency, while 60.0% of them participated in rehabilitation program the last year. Logistic regression analysis revealed that being older, more educated with longer duration of homelessness, recognizing the suffering from a psychiatric problem as well as being diagnosed as 'psychotic' increased the likelihood to seek help. Conclusions: The vast majority of the homeless mentally ill persons were lacking any current psychiatric care. The planning of a mental health–care delivery parallel to the existing social welfare system is needed to serve the unmet mental health needs of this population.

COLLOMB, one of the leading psychiatrists on the African continent, has made many outstanding contributions illuminating African psychiatry. Abstracts of articles by him and by his coworkers based on their observations in Senegal are presented. Subjects reported on include clinical syndromes, suicide, alcohol and cannabis habituation, juvenile delinquency, psychosomatic conditions, methods of resolving the Oedipus complex, and the psychotherapeutic effect of an initiation ceremony on persons possessed by evil spirits. WALTON, on the basis of his experiences in the Republic of South Africa, discusses modifications required in the clinical approach in psychiatric practice in a multiracial society. JILEK AND JILEK demonstrate that clinical impressions obtained in Tanganyika could be blindly validated by Rorschach interpretation carried out by a psycho logist unfamiliar with African culture. In the previous issue Psychiatric Disorder among the Yoruba by ALEXANDER H. LEIGHTON and his coworkers was reviewed by a psychiatrist; a review of this book by a cultural anthropologist with exten sive experience in Africa is included in this issue.

This study documents the development of an MMPI-2 scale designed to assess features of the Korean culture-bound syndrome, Hwa-Byung (HB). An American research team and psychiatric practitioners in Korea created an 18-item HB scale via rational item selection and psycho-metric refinement. Principal components analysis of scale items revealed four components, reflecting content domains of general health, gastrointestinal symptoms, hopelessness, and anger. This four-component solution applied well to both Korean men and women, but not to an American sample. Although some findings were encouraging, future studies employing clinical samples are needed to provide further validation of this scale.

AbstractAbout 50 percent of disturbed adolescents are not recognized by adults as needing psychiatric help.

This paper describes some of the social trends of the 1970's that may be affecting patterns of psychiatric needs and presents data showing their impact. It suggests possible psychiatric and sociopolitical responses to meet these needs. Patients were studied in the outpatient and inpatient services of the Shands Teaching Hospital and Student Mental Health Services at the University of Florida. The main findings were that single youth, both females and especially males, were requiring less help since the winding down of American participation in the Vietnam War, perhaps indicating that youth are feeling less alienated from the national effort. Black women are seeking help more than ever before, probably because the black liberation movement has offered them hope that psychiatry can help them. Despite the women's liberation movement, white women still remain the largest group of psychiatric outpatients, as they were in the 1950's and 1960's.