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Big Data collected by customer-facing organisations – such as smartphone logs, store loyalty card transactions, smart travel tickets, social media posts, or smart energy meter readings – account for most of the data collected about citizens today. As a result, they are transforming the practice of social science. Consumer Big Data are distinct from conventional social science data not only in their volume, variety and velocity, but also in terms of their provenance and fitness for ever more research purposes. The contributors to this book, all from the Consumer Data Research Centre, provide a first consolidated statement of the enormous potential of consumer data research in the academic, commercial and government sectors – and a timely appraisal of the ways in which consumer data challenge scientific orthodoxies.

Welcoming remarks -- Background on purpose of the symposium: historical perspective -- Why is international scientific data sharing important? -- Discussion of part one by symposium participants -- Overview of scientific data policies -- Implementing a research data access policy in South Africa -- Access to research data and scientific information generated with public funding in Chile -- The management of health and biomedical data in Tanzania: the need for a national scientific data policy -- The data-sharing policy of the world meterological organization: the case for international sharing of scientific data -- Discussion of part two by symposium participants -- Developing the rice genome in China -- Data sharing in astronomy -- Sharing engineering data for failure analysis in airplane crashes: creation of a web-based knowledge system -- Integrated disaster research: issues around data -- Understanding Brazilian biodiversity: examples where more data sharing makes the difference -- Social statistics as one of the instruments of strategic management of sustainable development processes: compelling examples -- Remote sensing and in situ measurements in the global earth observation system of systems -- Discussion of part three by symposium participants -- Data sharing: limits and barriers and initiatives to overcome them: an introduction -- Consideration of barriers to data sharing -- Artificial barriers to data sharing: technical aspects -- Scientific management and cultural aspects -- Political and economic barriers to data sharing: the African perspective -- Discussion of part four by symposium participants -- Government science policy makers' and research funders' challenges to international data sharing: the role of UNESCO -- International scientific organizations: views and examples -- Improving data access and use: an industry perspective -- Production and access to scientific data in Africa: a framework for improving the conribution of research institutions -- The ICSU world data system -- Libraries and improving data access and use in developing regions -- Developing a policy framework to open up the rights to access and reuse research data for the next generation of researchers -- Discussion of part five by symposium participants

In 2011 the University of Edinburgh became the first UK Higher Education Institution (HEI) to adopt a research data policy. As of late 2015, 20 per cent of UK HEIs now have a policy. Whereas recommendations exist on what should go into a policy, there is no analysis on what is going in policies. This paper compared the content of policies to see if a standard form and language is emerging.The paper will show the adoption of two approaches. The first is a 'general principles' approach. This policy is short, strong on the normative values for data re-use and preservation and general goals, but weak on policy detail and enforcement mechanisms. The other approach is a formal 'legalistic' style; it is longer, specific in requirements, strong on definitions but not necessarily clear in direction or easy for researchers to work with. Policies are tested for type of university (research intensive vs non-research intensive) and age (university cohort). They are compared across date of publication and if mention of institutional support is made. The paper looks at a requirement to write a data management plan and to whom the policy applies. Comparisons are also made on statements on ownership, retention and research ethics, and requirements on accessibility, open data, and costing data management. The paper also looks to see if the policy is subject to review. The results of this research fed into London School of Economics and Political Science's own draft research data policy and a summary of policies for the Digital Curation Center's website. Data underpinning this paper is available under a CC-BY license through the UK Data Service. Laurence Horton is Data Librarian at the London School of Economics and Political Science, where he is responsible for providing the School's Research Data Management support. He previously worked at GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences setting up CESSDA Training in RDM and digital preservation. He also worked at the UK Data Archive on a Jisc funded Research Data Management ...

The 2013 Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Memo on federally-funded research directed agencies with research and development budgets above $100 million to develop and release plans to increase and broaden access to research results, both published literature and data. The agency responses have generated discussion and interest but are yet to be analyzed and compared. In this paper, we examine how 19 federal agencies responded to the memo, written by John Holdren, on issues of scientific data and the extent of their compliance to the directives outlined in the memo. We present a varied picture of the readiness of federal science agencies to comply with the memo through a comparative analysis and close reading of the contents of these responses. While some agencies, particularly those with a long history of supporting and conducting science, scored well, other responses indicate that some agencies have only taken a few steps towards implementing policies that comply with the memo. These results are of interest to the data curation community as they reveal how different agencies across the federal government approach their responsibilities for research data management, and how new policies and requirements might continue to affect scientists and research communities.

Public entities are one of the main producers of socio-economic data around the world. The Open Government Data (OGD) movement encourages these entities to make their data publicly available in order to improve transparency and accountability, which may lead to good governance. Thus, OGD can promote evidence-based public policy by supporting empirical research through making quality data available. Hence, in this paper we discuss the current status of OGD initiative in India, how its principles are considered and applied by the public authorities, and the feedback of the research community about OGD in India. Les institutions publiques sont parmi les principaux producteurs de données socio-économiques. Le mouvement « Données Gouvernementales ouvertes » les encourage et assiste parfois dans la mise à disposition de leurs données au public, pour améliorer la transparence, ce qui peut conduire à une meilleure gouvernance. Ainsi, les données ouvertes gouvernementales peuvent conduire à de meilleures politiques publiques basées sur leurs résultats en soutenant la recherche par la publication de données de qualité. Ce document traite de la situation des données ouvertes en Inde, leur publication et usage par les institutions publiques et par la communauté de recherche. Las instituciones públicas son los principales productores de datos socio-económicos. El movimiento de " datos gubernamentales abiertos" alienta estas entidades de poner sus datos a disposición del público para mejorar la transparencia, y la gobernanza. Por lo tanto los datos gubernamentales abiertos pueden promover políticas públicas basadas en evidencia, mediante el apoyo a la investigación empírica a través de hacer datos de calidad disponibles. En este trabajo se discute lo que es la realidad de los datos gubernamentales abiertos en la India, cómo sus principios están consideradas y aplicadas por las autoridades públicas y la comunidad de investigación.

ObjectivesThe Ministry of Justice's pioneering data linking programme Data First, funded by Administrative Data Research UK, links administrative datasets across the justice system and with other government departments to enable research providing critical new insights on justice system users, their pathways, and outcomes across a range of public services.
ApproachThe first two datasets shared under the Data First project are magistrates' courts and Crown Court data which have been deidentified, deduplicated and linked to provide a joined-up picture of criminal court defendant and case journeys. Accredited researchers can access this data using the ONS Secure Research Service to conduct research. Administrative Data Research UK has funded four Research Fellows to conduct analysis using this linked data. Additionally, analysts within the Ministry of Justice Data First team have published a research report showcasing the potential of the linked criminal courts data. The presentation will primarily focus on this work.
ResultsThe Data First criminal courts datasets have enabled, for the first time, the extent and nature of repeat users to be explored at scale for research. In March 2022, the Ministry of Justice published exploratory analysis of returning defendants and the potential of linked criminal courts data. The key findings of this report will be covered in the presentation. The research demonstrates more than half of defendants returned to the courts within the data period, but this was highest for specific offence groups, including theft, robbery and drug offences. Locality-based analysis on Crown Court defendants highlights important insights on the backgrounds of justice system users, showing an over-representation of defendants residing in the most deprived areas in England and Wales compared to the general population.
ConclusionThe presentation will demonstrate how linked administrative data available through the ground-breaking Data First programme can be effectively used for research. This insight improves our understanding of individuals in the justice system as well as providing a rich resource to develop the evidence base for government policy and practice.

The Research Data Working Group of the Digital Scientific Library (BSN10) launched in 2015 an inventory of French research data management services, which will be referenced in the future online catalog Cat OPIDoR. This initiative echoes the national and international political context, in which governments and funding agencies gradually implement open science policy frameworks, whereas research activities are also altered by the ubiquity of data and the computing capacities to generate, mine and distribute them. It aims to help research teams to identify services most able to provide them appropriate data management support and to inform political stakeholders about where resources investment is needed.

AbstractThis paper examines the growing recognition of the phenomenon called "Big Data" and the policy implications it poses. It is argued that a core policy issue is personal and organizational privacy. At the same time there is a belief that analysis of "Big Data" offers potentially to provide public sector policy makers with extensive new information that would inform policy at unprecedentedly detailed levels. Despite this potential to improve the policy‐making process data often contain individual identifiable information that would negatively impact American core values such as privacy. This makes the use of these data almost impossible. The paper recognizes that there may be a way to strip individual data from Big Data sets thereby making their analysis more policy useful. This approach is not at this time technically feasible but research is ongoing.

The discourse of openness has proved to be a very powerful instrument for promoting new research policies and the (neoliberal) reforms of higher education in all so-called advanced economies. it has triggered positive democracy-, transparency-, and accountability-related associations when used in the context of politics, fair resource distribution when used in the sphere of public service, and free access to information and knowledge when used in the field of science and higher education. At the same time, international research shows that university autonomy is increasingly being attacked, reduced, and marginalized by the same policies. Power instances outside academia impose new criteria, such as accountability, performance, quality assurance, and good practice. They also impose ideas about what good research is, which scientific method is to be prioritized, and what good data are. The process of the de-professionalization, polarization, and proletarianization of the academic profession is increasingly affecting academia. However, none of this has much in common with the open-access discourse. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how this discussion applies to Sweden. Courses, forces, and discourses of the national research infrastructure development policy in general, and qualitative data preservation policy in particular, are described and deliberated. ; Funding Agencies|Riksbankens Jubileumsfond; Swedish foundation for humanities and social sciences [F16-1154:1]