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Psychiatric DRGs are identified in terms of their relative profitability within each hospital of a 386 hospital cohort. It is then determined whether hospitals admitted more of the more profitable and fewer of the less profitable patients over the period 1983-1987 (skimming). Also determined is whether hospitals discharged more of the less profitable to other short term hospitals over that same period of time (dumping). The findings generally indicate that this did not happen.

We conducted a case study in London, Ontario to identify factors that influence decisions to purchase low carbon vehicles including what role municipal governments might play in encouraging low carbon vehicle purchase decisions. As part of a city-university partnership, this study reports (n = 257) results from a mail-out survey. We test mainly whether social influences and mechanisms under municipal control predict intent to purchase electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Both proximal social influencers (family and friends) (.179**, .393**) and distal social influencers (.219**, .142*) predict intent to purchase EV and HEV respectively. City information sessions (.161** EV) and City promotion (.141* HEV) significantly influence intentions, while City-provided EV parking and charging are not. While municipalities may find other areas with greater impact on GHG reductions, the findings support promoting the social aspects of EV and HEV purchasing and providing relatively low-cost promotion/events. ; Nous avons mené une étude de cas à London,Ontario, pour identifier les facteurs qui influencent les décisions d'achat des véhicules à faible émission de carbone, y compris le rôle que les administrations municipales pourraient jouer pour encourager les décisions d'achat des véhicules à faible émission de carbone. Dans le cadre d'un partenariat entre la ville et l'université, cette étude a rapporté (n = 257) les résultats sont d'un sondage par la poste auprès des résidents. Notre sondage est principalement pour savoir si les influences sociales et les mécanismes sous contrôle municipal prédisent l'intention d'acheter des véhicules électriques (VE) et des véhicules électriques hybrides (HEV). Les influenceurs sociaux proximaux (famille et amis) (.179 *, .393 *) et les influenceurs sociaux distaux (.219 *, .142 *) prédisent respectivement l'intention d'acheter EV et HEV. Les séances d'information par la ville (.161 * EV) et la promotion de la ville (.141 * HEV) influencent considérablement les ...

Changing structures to online news have instigated concerns that the electorate may predominantly consume soft news for entertainment purposes while neglecting public affairs information. The Internet in particular brought an increase in outlets, including unconventional low-credibility sources. A 2 × 2 × 2 within-subjects experiment ( n = 197) investigated whether delivery format (print vs online) and source type (high vs low credibility) shape the extent to which recipients select different types of news (public affairs news vs soft news). Participants browsed 32 news items, half of them hard news and the other half soft news, either associated with high- or low-credibility sources, and did so online or via print magazine. Results show that greater preference for online news fostered selective exposure to hard news. Greater habitual news use via social media reduced selective exposure to news from high-credibility sources.

WHAT IS LATENT DEMAND AND THE P.I.E.?The concept of latent demand is rather subtle. The term latent typically refers to something that is dormant, not observable, or not yet realized. Demand is the notion of an economic quantity that a target population or market requires under different assumptions of price, quality, and distribution, among other factors. Latent demand, therefore, is commonly defined by economists as the industry earnings of a market when that market becomes accessible and attractive to serve by competing firms. It is a measure, therefore, of potential industry earnin

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001, Public Law 107-110 (U.S. Congress), was passed by Congress in response to perceived failure of the public school system to effectively educate students, particularly disadvantaged students in the United States. The relationship of NCLB school choice to student achievement has not been clearly established. This causal-comparative study examined the following: (a) FCAT mathematics and reading achievement gains of targeted fourth through eighth grade NCLB choice students and a comparison group of eligible non-choosers with matching demographic characteristics; (b) the pre-test academic ability levels of NCLB choice students in fourth grade through eighth grade as compared with the achievement levels of eligible non-choosers, and; (c) differences in the ethnic and socioeconomic characteristics of choice students versus eligible non-choosers in kindergarten through eighth grade, and the impact of those differences on the demographic composition of individual schools. Differences in the achievement gains and in the pre-test achievement levels of NCLB choice students and the comparison groups were not statistically significant. NCLB choice students tended to have different ethnic and socioeconomic characteristics from their non-choosing peers. The effect of NCLB choice on Title I students and schools was discussed, and NCLB choice implementation issues were identified. ; 2009-12-01 ; Ed.D. ; Education, Department of Educational Research Technology and Leadership ; Doctorate ; This record was generated from author submitted information.

W artykule tym przedstawiony został ogólny zarys dotyczący bezpieczeństwa systemu bankowego. Informacje odnoszą się głównie do warunków polskich. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na rolę państwa jako gwaranta systemu bankowego, który ma zapewnić bezpieczeństwo obrotu środków finansowych. Celem artykułu jest przekonanie, że w branży bankowej bezpieczeństwo jest bardzo ważne i ściśle związane z sensem istnienia tych instytucji. ; This article presents general outline of security banking system. The information in this article relates to Polish standard. In article discusses the role of the government as a guarantor of banking system for providing security of management of financial resources. The article presents the attitude that security in banking is very important and determines that existence of these institutions. ; Jerzy Kuck