Suchergebnisse

Introduction : Kumul Scholars International (KSI) is a non-political association of Papua New Guinean Scholars in Australia established in 1998. It has a broad mission of contributing towards the enhancement of national consciousness on issues of national interest and development in Papua New Guinea (PNG). In line with this broad mission, a tradition was established whereby an annual convention is held for the PNG scholars to interact, share ideas and discuss issues of interest and importance to Papua New Guinea. Since its inception, two conventions were held in Brisbane and Armidale in 1998 and 2000, respectively. KSI conventions have the main objective of contributing to the intellectual development of individuals and making active contributions towards the development of PNG. This is particularly important because KSI has the potential to build bridges between the less fortunate, the less informed and the growing class of educated élites through its membership. The future of Papua New Guinea is no doubt entrusted in the hands of this cadre of citizens. Accordingly, KSI sees its role in providing the stewardship needed to mould them into responsible custodians of PNG's heritage and future.

The article explores the implications for gender roles and relations in Nicaragua of implementing a Conditional Cash Transfer programme aimed at improving the situation of the extreme poor. Nicaragua's programme, the Social Protection Network/Red de Protección Social (RPS), is modelled on the Progresa/Oportunidades programme of Mexico and shares many features in common. Evaluations of Progresa have suggested positive outcomes for women. However, examination of the findings highlight some cause for concern particularly around what inclusion on the programme means for the women involved. The article explores the consequences of translating this programme aimed at addressing the structural causes of poverty into a more overtly neoliberal and neo-conservative policy context such as that in Nicaragua. It highlights how a key feature of the RPS is the `social adjustment' of women's behaviour for economic growth gains and discusses the possible consequences for the women included and excluded from the programme.

In 1980 the World Bank extended its first structural adjustment loans. Scholars and activists have argued that structural adjustment policies, and the neoclassical economics that legitimates them, destroyed Keynesianism, developmentalism, and socialism. In contrast to the view that structural adjustment began as a clear neoliberal project, I argue that the second and third worlds, in fact, demanded structural adjustment, which, in response, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund sought to realize but in a way fundamentally different from what was demanded. In this article, I examine economists' ideas about structural adjustment across socialist eras—from 1920s Weimar Germany and the Soviet Union to midcentury socialist Yugoslavia and the post-1964 UN Conference on Trade and Development—and explore the origins of what we know today as structural adjustment policies.

A publication having a provocative avocation, as does this book, is possible only with the support and sharp minds of many dedicated professionals. Contributions from colleagues on five continents enabled this research endeavor to mature from an urgent although poorly formulated idea some three years ago to a serious study of the environmental impacts of policy-based lending. It is nothing short of a privilege to have benefited from the dedication and support of so many gifted colleagues who helped steer this study through methodological, political, and logistical thickets of many kinds.

Examines the effects of economic structural adjustment programmes on employers and workers. Advocates a tripartite consultation approach whereby workers' and employers' representatives are encouraged to participate alongside governments in economic and social policy formulation, from an early stage. Discusses the results of five case studies carried out by the ILO to assess the extent of tripartite co‐operation in Argentina, India, Mexico, the Philippines and Zambia. Concludes that the nature of tripartite consultation greatly reflects the type of labour relations system ‐ corporatist, pluralistic or emergent ‐ in a particular country. Makes suggestions for future improvements to the whole structural adjustment process.

This article present an analysis about democracy, markets and structural adjustment ; El presente artpiculo presenta un análisis sobre la democracia, mercado y los ajustes estructurales.

Recent international economic events have demonstrated the vulnerability of individual countries to external disturbances, or `shocks'. Such disturbances necessitate major adjustments to developing countries' trade behaviour, and therefore also to their domestic economies.This volume is an integrated theoretical and econometric study of the impact of global economic changes on the developing Turkish economy during the period 1970-1983. Structural adjustment is defined and presented in the context of a small open economy reacting to external shocks. The interaction of government and private sec

This article looks at the liberal justification for structural adjustment and suggests that it is based on an inadequate understanding of the role of the state in the development process. The liberal focus on 'policy' mistakes is questioned by looking to deeper processes of state formation as the key to different development trajectories. In the light of these general considerations, the article looks at the findings of some recent assessments of adjustment in sub‐Saharan Africa and the Middle East and concludes that the prospects are not encouraging.

THIS ARTICLE LOOKS AT THE LIBERAL JUSTIFICATION FOR STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT AND SUGGESTS THAT IT IS BASED ON AN INADEQUATE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS. THE LIBERAL FOCUS ON "POLICY" MISTAKES IS QUESTIONED BY LOOKING TO DEEPER PROCESSES OF STATE FORMATION AS THE KEY TO DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT TRAJECTORIES. IN THE LIGHT OF THESE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS, THE ARTICLE LOOKS AT THE FINDINGS OF SOME RECENT ASSESSMENTS OF ADJUSTMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND CONCLUDES THAT THE PROSPECTS ARE NOT ENCOURAGING.