Suchergebnisse

I establish conditions for existence of pure strategy equilibria in K-candidate Downsian electoral competition (K ≥ 2) with valence when the voting rule is monotonic, generalizing existing results to non-proper rules and possibly continuous electorates. The conditions are sufficient when K ≥ 2 and (essentially) necessary in the K = 2 candidate case. They compare the size of one candidate's valence advantage to the radius of a generalized median pivotal ball (P-ball). I flesh out the difference of this generalized median with a recent alternative which, in turn, I characterize both on the basis of a weaker median property and using pivotal hyperplanes.

It is believed that the historical background of the Chinese community in Malaysia has significant impact on their emotional dimension towards the Malay cultural heritage, which is the heritage of the major ethnic group in Malaysia. This study aimed to examine the emotional expression of the Chinese ethnic towards Malay cultural heritage images in comparison to the Malay ethnic. Three different type of Malay cultural heritage images (Malay traditional food - ketupat, Malay traditional dresses – baju melayu/baju kurung and Malay traditional game – wau bulan) were presented to the Chinese (N=80) and the Malay (N=116) participants, recruited from the undergraduate population of a local institution. Participants self-rated their emotional feedback using a non-verbal pictorial measure (Self-Assessment Manikin) which measured the range of emotional response (valence domain), ranging from one (low valence) to nine (high valence). The Chinese indicated similar level of emotion expression as the Malays in response towards the images of Malay cultural heritage. Both Chinese and Malay showed higher self-rated emotional expression for traditional food image (i.e. ketupat) than non-food images (i.e. Malay dresses and wau bulan). Implication of this study points to the effect of acculturation on the emotional development of the ethnic minority and the emotional property of the food image in constructing the emotion.

PurposeMinimal attention is given to the negative valences of customer engagement and how they manifest in ways that detract from service value. The purpose of this paper is to uncover the meaning and conceptual dimensions of disengagement and negative engagement in conjunction with positive engagement. It explores how three valences of engagement manifest towards dual objects: the service community and the focal service organisation. This exploration is based within a new and novel social service context.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach using (four) focus groups is used.FindingsA conceptual model of customer engagement is derived from the groups that include strongly held and positive customer engagement; passive, yet negatively orientated customer disengagement; and active and destructive negative customer engagement. Positive customer engagement is found to be directed at the service community object, whereas customer disengagement and negative engagement are directed at the focal service organisation object. A spillover effect is also revealed whereby negative engagement with the focal service organisation detracts from customers' positive engagement within their service community. This suggests that engagement within a social service is multifaceted: several engagement valences may exist within one service relationship. It also suggests that these engagement valences are interrelated.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to apply three valences of engagement within the one focal relationship and examine how they manifest towards two objects, providing a unique perspective of how different interactions within the service ecosystem can influence engagement.

RésuméAu début des annees 70, le médiéviste israelien Joshua Prawer indiquait que le royaume croisé de Jérusalem avait constitue la premiére action colonisatrice de l'Occident, premier pas d'une dynamique continue menant à la conquête des Amériques et aux colonisations plus récentes. Prawer posait ainsi une question d'une grande importance pour la connaissance de la généalogie de l'expansion européenne, au-delà même du saut océanique des xve-xviesiecles. Cependant, aussi bien l'acceptation que le refus de la notion de « colonie » appliquée aux conquêtes de la chrétienté latine médiévale ne se sont pas accompagnés d'une réflexion conceptuelle suffisante. C'est ce probléme qui est discuté dans ce travail. La thése défendue est que la nature spécifique de la colonisation occidentale réside dans la subversion et 1'articulation des systemes sociaux extérieurs. On considére par ailleurs que la premiére expérience de ce type n'eut pas lieu dans les États latins d'outre-mer, mais qu'elle se réalisa, de facon particuliérement claire, dans le royaume de Valence conquis par Jacques Ierd'Aragon au milieu duxiiesiécle.

In recent decades, fear of terrorism has increased among voters in liberal democracies. In response, governments have adopted counterterrorist measures that curtail civil liberties, at times prompting allegations that political expediency underlies such measures. I study politicians' strategic design of counterterrorist policies in a model of valence competition under threat of terrorism. The incumbent chooses a counterterrorist strategy that combines observable (state of emergency) and unobservable (effort) actions. In equilibrium, emergencies and terrorist attacks become endogenously informative about valence. The low-valence incumbent underprovides effort relative to the high-valence incumbent, and at times declares a state of emergency in the absence of a terrorist threat. Increasing voters' information about the incumbent's valence improves politician selection, but at the expense of a higher incidence of unwarranted emergencies and, under some conditions, terrorist attacks.