Suchergebnisse

Village Ministerial Regulation No. 3 of 2015 mandates the Village Assistant to assist the Village Government in order for the Village Government to run according to the regulations, namely transparent and accountable. One of the Village Assistant's demands is to build and develop a Village Owned Enterprise which is one of the four pillars of village development priority. The village government of Glingseran is a village that owns a village owned enterprise. Therefore, it is expected that the Village Assistant should make efforts to make the Village Owned Enterprise able to support the economy of the village community and increase the village's original income (PAD). In this research, the researcher tries to examine the efforts of the village assistant in the empowerment of the village-owned enterprise in Glingseran village, Wringin sub-district, Bondowoso regency. The method used in this research is qualitative with descriptive approach. The result of the research found by the researcher is the efforts of the village counselor and the local village facilitator in the empowerment is good enough to be seen from the tasks that have been implemented by the village counselor to empower the village owned business enterprise successfully that is with the increase of business unit business unit into 3 business units that is rengganis tourist village, party equipment rental and savings and loan women. And the village facilitators perform their duties in accordance with the Standard Operational Procedures established by the Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia as well as the opening of employment opportunities, and the increase of the village's original income (PAD) Glingseran. Keywords: Effort, Assistant, Bumdes

Village study is an essential part of social anthropology in academic world. It started with the peasant studies in the initial stage and later discussed and applied extensively by 1970s. In Indian context, where a large chunk of population live in rural areas, the village studies has multi dimensional importance. It started with the studies of village economy in 1930s and later grabbed by the Indian scholars in early 1960s. Participant observation is one of the important tool for the village studies which has largely been used by the sociologist and anthropologists. From the last three decades, focus on village studies has been declining in academic field. In the last thirty years, many changes have taken place in rural areas which has also changed the social, economic, political and cultural aspects of the village. There is a need to revive the village study in current academic world and to capture the changes taking place in the rural areas.

The search for a model rural settlement – "village" is the common position in interpretation of the problem on the "fortified villages" of Mediaeval Byzantium. On the one hand, the multiformity of the settlement's types in the Byzantine Middle Ages is conditioned by climatic and local natural specificities. On the other hand, the patterns of rural settlement are predetermined by the social and economic structure and development of all the other sides of life of habitants of the village, including a dwelling. The tasks of the defence of population foreordain a necessary of construction of fortresses ("kastra") and their deployment into defensive system. It quite corresponds to the processes, developed in many south regions of Mediaeval Europe, where the building of fortifications, transmuting the village into the fortress – "castrum", becomes as rule. The building of the fortresses and other fortifications in towns and rural settlements of Mediaeval Byzantium creates a trend, designating the degree of necessary defence of its habitants. This tendency makes itself felt in Late Byzantium. The guarded by walls rural settlements here were not unique. The "pyrgoi" and so named "dwelling towers" were built everywhere, these served as refuges for villagers in the ordeals of the war years. The appellation "pyrgos" turned into synonym of the designation of the rural settlement, as a landlord's state, and a substitute of term "chorion". The "pyrgoi" appeared practically as "keypoints" of every description of the territories of large landownings, the passed ways and the households arranged there. The system of fortifications as a defence of whole region was deployed in Byzantine country, where the rural settlement has significant position. The article consists of the Introduction ("Introduction. The Village and key Problems of its Studying"), three parts ("The fortified Settlement", "The rural Fortifications", "The Pyrgos") and the part "The Results and Conclusion. The Common Trends", where the main problems are examined, touching the study of the Mediaeval Byzantine village, pyrgoi and common regularities of fortification of Late Byzantine village.

Village Owned Enterprise is an important part of the form of empowerment economic community at the village. Given, the urgency of the existence of Village Owned Enterprise, the government through the Regulation of Ministry of Villages, Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration No. 5 of 2015 stated that one of the priorities of the use of village funds is for the establishment and development of Village Owned Enterprise. While the mechanism of establishment of Village Owned Enterprise is based on the result of village consultative meeting involving element of village government, element of village consultative body, and elements of community figures. The result of the village consultative meeting is implemented in form Village Regulation. However, it causes anomaly related to the status of Village Owned Enterprise, because it does not have to be legal entity in Regulation of Ministry of Villages meanwhile it has to be legal entity in Regulation of Minister of Home Affairs No. 39 of 2010 on Village Owned Enterprise.