Suchergebnisse

Overexposure to high levels of noise can cause permanent hearing disorders, which have a significant adverse effect on the quality of life of those affected. Injury due to noise can affect people in a variety of careers including construction workers, factory workers, and members of the armed forces. By monitoring the noise exposure of workers, overexposure can be avoided and suitable protective equipment can be provided. This work focused on the creation of a noise dosimeter suitable for use by members of the armed forces, where a discrete dosimeter was integrated into a textile helmet cover. In this way the sensing elements could be incorporated very close to the ears, providing a highly representative indication of the sound level entering the body, and also creating a device that would not interfere with military activities. This was achieved by utilising commercial microelectromechanical system microphones integrated within the fibres of yarn to create an acoustic sensing yarn. The acoustic sensing yarns were fully characterised over a range of relevant sound levels and frequencies at each stage in the yarn production process. The yarns were ultimately integrated into a knitted helmet cover to create a functional acoustic sensing helmet cover prototype.

This dissertation explores jute life and community through the repair and reworking of old and analog machines. This, I claim, has given rise to particular brands of microlocal or community practices and politics, including craft revival, tensions between the "body mechanic" and the "fragmented mechanic," repair and reuse as ethical work, strategies of dealing with "gray" infrastructure, "proverbial ethics," and "pension politics," which are different from the politics of unions and the "seamless" production theories of industrial capitalism as well as global capitalism. In short, the dissertation uses the idea of the local, tied to vernacular forms of thought, action, interaction, and interruption, to give a sense of shared values and tensions between individuals and the community in working neighborhoods. The community adapts to the ideas of recycling, flexibility, improvisation, and mobility, redefining the "fields of practice" in the domain of work and everyday life.The five chapters of the dissertation trace the material culture of jute from medieval to neoliberal times. I begin with the many local narratives of raw jute or pāṭ and jute handicrafts or pāṭshilpa, overlooked in most studies of jute. This grounds the ethnography of (machine)-woven jute or choṭ and the jute industry or choṭshilpa in the first section, "Jute Works." The section begin with the total works, then moves in to focus on one machine, the hāti kal (elephant machine), and finally one tiny pinion of this machine. Moving out again from the jute works to "Jute Publics," the last two chapters explore the spaces and circuits of the mohallā (neighborhood/community) bazaar and mohallā politics in the context of nonelite globalizations.

With the rapid development of modern computer technology, and gradually combined with the textile industry, the application of modern computer technology in the field of textile is increasingly extensive, which makes textile production gradually move towards the road of automation development. This paper proposes an automatic detection method of simple weave fabric density based on computer image vision. Computer vision and digital image processing technology are used to analyze and identify the simple weave fabric's warp and weft yarn information and calculate the fabric density. To avoid the phenomenon of warp and weft yarn skew, a method of fabric skew correction based on the Radon transform is proposed. The optimal decomposition order of these four fabrics is k = 2, k = 5, and k = 3. The decomposition series is k. It is found that the relative error of both warp and weft density is about 1.00%. Most of the data obtained by the method of correlation coefficient curve to determine the optimal decomposition series are consistent with the results of the energy curve method. The relative error of the density test results of No. 3 fabric, No. 6 fabric, and No. 7 fabric is higher than 10%, and the relative error of No. 3 fabric is the highest, reaching 66%. This shows serious errors in these three fabrics' warp and weft density. To solve the problems of simple weave fabric density detection, the corresponding algorithm is used to solve the problems. Finally, good results are obtained, which verifies the feasibility of this method. It is significant to realize the automatic measurement of fabric density in textile factories.

The Hyperbolic Crochet Coral Reef (HCCR) is a distributed venture of thousands of women who cooperatively fabricate a collection of yarn and plastic coral reefs. Under the auspices of the Institute For Figuring, these crafters use the technique of "hyperbolic crochet" invented by geometer Daina Taimina to make wooly reefs, with the aim of drawing attention to the menace that climate change poses to the world's coral reefs. Hyperbolic crochet is a method of fabricating models of hyperbolic geometry, a kind of non-Euclidean geometric space characterized by negative curvature. Many marine organisms have evolved to embody hyperbolic geometry; it affords them a maximum surface area with which to filter feed in a minimal volume. This essay asks, What is the place of biology—and specifically of biological theory—in the HCCR? After describing the Reef's origins in geometrical modeling, the author traces the manifold biological theories that inform Reef makers' descriptions of their project, showing how they gather and weave together the diverse theories and narratives that have marked nineteenth- and twentieth-century biology, drawing on contemporary, historic, and folk understandings of evolution and morphogenesis in describing their work. Such theories include Romantic notions of life forwarded by Johann Friedrich Goethe and Lorenz Oken, twentieth-century theoreticians such as D'Arcy Thompson and François Jacob, and, more recently, Susan Oyama and Niles Eldredge. The result is a composite, materially instantiated theory of biological change that is wholly their own.

The Manchester Chamber of Commerce established the Manchester Testing House in 1895, and introduced uniform yarn contracting rules in 1897. The chamber made these institutional "innovations" to deal with the nefarious practice of "short-reeling." This case study explains how and why merchants were crucial to undoing weaknesses in domestic —and to some extent foreign—legislation to overcome this fraudulent activity. We argue that the Testing House and uniform contract were tantamount to developing a quasi-legal system such that private standards established through cooperative agreements had legal sanction. Our study shows how institutions evolved to improve governance along the supply chain for this highly specialized export-orientated industry. This article contributes to the growing literature on historical markets, institutions, and standards. Based on extensive archival sources, we show how specific and complementary commercial institutions developed within grounded notions of governance rather than abstracted spaces of market exchange.

Normally a bank played a role as collector of society's money and redistributed it to societies for various purposes or as a financial intermediary. The banking industry was the main element of national financial system that had a role as an agent of development because the implementation of bank tasks was related to the development and even distribution purposes. Related to its functions as the financial intermediary and the agent of development, the bank had to manage the fluency of financial flow. To accelerate the public economy restoration, the government should apply some policies to manage the implementation of banking credits. In Indonesia the banking credit policy to support the low-and small-level of economy had been applied since 1973 though Kredit Investasi Kecil (Small Investment Credit), Kredit Modal Kerja Permanen (Permanent Working Capital Credit), Kredit Umum Pedesaan (General Rural Credit Program), and others supported by Kredit Likuiditas Bank Indonesia (Liquidity Credit of Bank Of Indonesia).

The author provides an empirically testable conceptual apparatus which could be used to understand the process of market price determination in the yarn and textile sectors, and hence to forecast important market variables. A model of the yarn and textile sectors specifying yarn production, imports, consumption, price, cloth production, demand and price is estimated econometrically. (DÜI-Sen)