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Domestic law often plays an important role in investment treaty arbitration, but how it should be addressed is unclear. Drawing on case law, international law principles, and comparative analysis, this book sets out a framework for engaging with domestic law

F. A. Hayek made many valuable contributions to the field of economics as well as to the disciplines of philosophy and politics. This volume represents the second of Hayek's comprehensive three-part study of the relations between law and liberty. Here, Hayek expounds his conviction that he continued unexamined pursuit of ""social justice"" will contribute to the erosion of personal liberties and encourage the advent of totalitarianism

In an age of constitutional revolutions and reforms, theory and practice are moving in opposite directions. As a matter of constitutional practice, human dignity has emerged in jurisdictions around the world as the organizing idea of a groundbreaking paradigm. By reconfiguring constitutional norms, institutional structures and legal doctrines, this paradigm transforms human dignity from a mere moral claim into a legal norm that persons have standing to vindicate. As a matter of constitutional theory, however, human dignity remains an enigmatic idea. Some explicate its meaning in abstraction from constitutional practice, while others confine themselves to less exalted ideas. The result is a chasm that separates constitutional practice from a theory capable of justifying its innovations and guiding its operation. By expounding the connection between human dignity and the constitutional practices that justify themselves in its light, Jacob Weinrib brings the theory and practice of constitutional law back together

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Acronyms -- The Rise of Robotics amp AI: Technological Advances amp Normative Dilemmas -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Evolution of Computer Science and Machine Processing -- 3 The Rise of Robots -- 4 The Birth amp Growth of AI -- 5 Mapping the Organizational, Ethical amp Regulatory Dilemmas -- 6 Chapters -- References -- Do We Need New Legal Personhood in the Age of Robots and AI? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Legal Subjects as Responsible Actors -- 3 What About AI and Robots -- 4 The Essence of Legal Personhood -- 5 The Physical Person as a (Natural) Legal Person -- 5.1 Natural and Human-like Behavior as Determination for Legal Personhood -- 5.2 Non-natural (Artificial) Legal Persons -- 6 The Autonomous Artificial Intelligent Robot -- 6.1 The Increasing Use of AI in Robotic Entities -- 7 The Question of Punishment of (Legal) Persons: A Criminal Law for Robots? -- 8 A Different Construction of Personhood -- 8.1 Abstraction of the Robot by the Cheshire Cat, Reasonable Human Creature and Resposible Subject Model -- 8.2 AI Entities and Robots in the Theory of Naffine -- 8.3 Conclusion Concerning the "Naffine" Analysis -- 9 The Artificial Intelligent Entity or Robot as Legal Actor -- 9.1 Legal Subject or Legal Object Specialist? -- 9.2 Liability and Legal Subjectivity -- 9.3 Legal Acts -- 10 Conclusion and Steps into the Future -- References -- The Peculiar Case of the Mushroom Picking Robot: Extra-contractual Liability in Robotics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Delineating Artificial Intelligence and Robotics -- 2.1 Artificial Intelligence Defined -- 2.2 Robots Defined -- 3 Exceptional Robots-Lessons from Cyberlaw -- 3.1 Embodiment -- 3.2 Emergence (Vs. Autonomy) -- 3.3 Social Valence -- 3.4 An Exceptional Trio -- 4 The Extra-contractual Liability of the Robot -- 4.1 Robots and Agents.

The author proposes that international law can be strengthened by incorporating and integrating multinational corporations more fully into the international legal system. The establishment of international norms of corporate responsibility and accountability under accepted international law could thereby lead to mutual benefits. Multinational corporations would enjoy de jure protections enhancing their global business activities; and countries where these corporations have considerable social, economic and environmental effect on their communities will have recourse to hold corporations accountable for harmful actions. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint

Introduction -- Catastrophe is not the end but the beginning / Donovan Finn -- The flood : political economy and disaster / Mari Matsuda -- Governance structures for recovery and resilience / Susan L. Cutter -- Governance strategies for mitigating urban heat island effect / Dawid Sześciło -- Regulatory institutional challenges to prevent mining dam disasters in Brazil / Patricia Sampaio & Rômulo Sampaio -- Integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change / Livhuwani David Nemakonde & Dewald van Niekerk -- Climate resilience in the Greater Bay Area of South China / Maria Francesch-Huidobro -- An adaptive legal framework for water security concerns in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area / Ping Yu Fan & Kwok Pan Chun -- Local resilience, land use law, and disaster planning / John R. Nolon -- Financing city resilience / Arthur C. Nelson -- Disaster, land use, and European Union Law / Juli Ponce -- Covid-19 and cooperation in times of disaster / Matiangai Sirlea -- Disaster recovery in rural communities / Ann M. Eisenberg -- Wildfire federalism / Stephen R. Miller -- A comparative review of hazard-prone housing acquisition laws, policies, and programs in the United States and Aotearoa New Zealand / Gavin Smith & Wendy Saunders -- Urban transformation as a resilience strategy / Asli Ceylan Oner & Haluk Özener -- How green cities prevent disasters? / Wellington Migliari -- Constructing a resilient energy supply / Shelley Welton -- Building a resilient power grid / Robert R. M. Verchick --Weaponizing private property and the chilling affect of regulatory takings jurisprudence in combating global warming / Danaya C. Wright -- Averting disasters through watershed policy advocacy / Chinkie Peliño-Golle & Florence Chio Baula -- Insuring natural catastrophes in America / Christopher French -- Corporate compliance and climate change / Susan S. Kuo & Benjamin Means -- Creating blueprints for law school responses to natural disasters / Jeffrey R. Baker, Christine E. Cerniglia, Davida Finger, Luz Herrera, & JoNel Newman... -- Law and lawyers in disaster response / Clifford J. Villa -- Scheduled monuments and sites at risk of coastal erosion / Pernille Denise Frederiksen & Marianne Lindegaard Rasmussen -- Heritage-related disaster policy in the United States / Sara C. Bronin -- Love for heritage in the time of COVID-19 / Jack Tsen-Ta Lee -- Reflections on urban cultural heritage, public health, and public particpation / Ryan Rowberry -- After the storm / Brie Sherwin -- Social construction of disaster survivors and displaced populations / Alka Sapat, Arjola Belilaq, & Ann-Margaret Esnard -- From COVID-19 to climate change / Cinnamon P. Carlarne -- Disasters and disability / Lance Gable.

Two individuals formed a company. Both held half the share capital and served as the company's only two directors. The Plaintiff was one of these shareholder-directors, and he submitted an application to the court requesting it to make such orders as it may think fit in terms of section 402 of the Companies Act 1995. Briefly, this section seeks to provide a remedy to a shareholder who complains that the affairs of a company are being conducted in a manner that was 'oppressive, unfairly discriminatory against, or unfairly prejudicial to a member or members'. ; peer-reviewed