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In the past decade, literature flourished that investigated the nexus between social movements and media from a media practice perspective. The article draws on this body of work to show how we might apply practice theory following at least three different approaches on social movements and media: media-as-practices, media-related-practices, and media-in-practices approaches. Then, it proposes an operational definition of practice to investigate social movements and media from a media-in-practices approach, also introducing the method of media practices maps interviews. Finally, the article applies the media-in-practices approach at the analytical level focusing on the practice of coordinating the workflow in the daily grassroots political engagement of Greek, Italian, and Spanish activists.

Medienkritik ist ein Grundbegriff der Medienpädagogik. Die Förderung von Medienkritik ist eine wesentliche Aufgabe der Medienpädagogik in allen pädagogischen Handlungsfeldern. Seit Bestehen der Medienpädagogik als wissenschaftliche Teildisziplin der Erziehungswissenschaft gibt es Definitionsangebote zum Begriff Medienkritik und Vorschläge zur Weiterentwicklung und Ausdifferenzierung des Begriffs. Im Unterschied hierzu entstanden nur relativ wenige empirische Studien, die die Untersuchung von Prozessen zur Förderung von Medienkritik in medienpädagogischen Handlungsfeldern zum Gegenstand hatten. Auch in der Theoriebildung gibt es Desiderata, insbesondere im Kontext der Digitalisierung und damit verbundenen Veränderungen in der gesellschaftlichen Kommunikation, der Sozialisation, der Bildung und Erziehung. Der folgende Beitrag bietet im ersten Teil einen Überblick zu bisherigen begrifflich-theoretischen Überlegungen, zu Praxisbeispielen und zu forschungsbezogenen Studien einer pädagogisch motivierten Medienkritik. Der zweite Teil greift ausgewählte Themen aus der aktuellen Fachdiskussion auf: die Notwendigkeit einer kritischen Medien- und Gesellschaftsanalyse, die Auseinandersetzung mit normativen Fragen und dem Subjektverständnis in der Medienpädagogik. Der Beitrag plädiert dafür, Medienkritik vor allem im Kontext einer politisch-kulturellen Medienbildung alltags- und praxisnah zu entwickeln. ; Media criticism is a basic concept of media education. The promotion of media criticism is an essential task of media education in all pedagogical fields of practice. Since media education was established as a scientific sub-discipline of educational science, there have been offers for definitions of the term media criticism and suggestions for the further development and differentiation of the term. In contrast, relatively few research studies investigated processes for the promotion of media criticism in media educational fields of practice. Nevertheless, there are also desiderata in the field of theory, especially in the context of digitalization and associated changes in the areas of social communication, socialization, and education. In the first part, the following article provides an overview of previous conceptual-theoretical considerations, practical examples and research-related studies of a pedagogically motivated media criticism. The second part takes up selected topics from the current expert discussion: the necessity of a critical media and social analysis, the reflection of normative questions and the understanding of the subject in media education. The article argues in favour of developing media criticism in a practical way and close to everyday life, especially in the context of political-cultural media education.

This article examines the ways in which recent theorizations of interactivity work to reconceive the author-text-audience relationship. Suggesting that all media forms - historical and contemporary - can be reconceptualized in light of recent understandings of interactivity, it is argued that control over the text and its narrative as mythically 'finished' products is struggled over between an authorial desire for finality and an audience desire for control over the arrangement, (re)configuration and (re)distribution of the text. This struggle takes place across the sites of technological developments of textual control versus full interactivity, and in the realms of both media theory and media law.

Using sport as a lens to illuminate a path for broader cultural analysis, this essay argues for a three-pronged theoretical approach to the critique of commodity value in contemporary narratives. Three elements of an analytic strategy for the critique of commodity aesthetics are considered. First, the concept of communicative dirt posed by Leach (1976) and Hartley (1984) is considered in the service of creating commodity value from the cultural logic of sport. Second, the merits of a reader-oriented approach as used in literary criticism, reliant on understandings of Fish's (1976) notion of interpretive community and the variant ways that texts work to control reading, are considered as complementary to understanding the workings of communicative dirt. Third, the value of ethical criticism in providing an overarching frame for deconstructing the manufacture of commodity value, including strategies for using communicative dirt to construct readers and control the reading act, is assessed. A case study of a television commercial banned from the 2005 Super Bowl broadcast illustrates the tripartite approach. In conclusion, the study argues for the applicability of this dirty theory of narrative ethics to postmodern concerns with media in increasingly commodified contemporary culture.

A broader approach to understanding the influences of the media on presidential candidate support in US primary elections is presented -- the social-psychological model of persuasion & attitude change, which emphasizes: (1) the strong impact of momentum & strategic voting; (2) candidates' messages & images; (3) messages of supporters & opponents; & (4) influence of credible media commentary. The model is used to analyze support for Democratic candidates in 1983/84, & for a preliminary analysis of the 1988 campaign. It is concluded that electoral momentum plays a central role in public opinion during election primaries, yet credible media commentary & candidates' leadership are additional influential factors. 3 Tables, 5 Figures, 61 References. I. Shagrir

Is Laughter an affect? And what would it mean for feminist theory to conceive of it as such? This article pursues laughter as an affect that bridges the gap between feminist comedy studies and feminist affect theory. Laughter has widely missed the mark of feminist theory's sourcing of collective activist potential and intellectual invigoration in the exploration of affect. Likewise, affect has not been a central concern for humor scholars. But what about those feminist laughing affects that do not assume their own affirmative value or knowable effects? They provoke disproportionate, off-cue, and unstable instances of laughter wherein nervous excess consumes the laughing subject and threatens to transform into something else entirely. The feminist killjoy, the laughing hysteric, and the humorless capitalist all choke on their laughs, though each in different ways. Their unrealized laughter, this article argues, opens the floodgates for its transmutation into a new collective body politics.

The growing need for smaller electronic components has recently sparked the interest in the breakdown of the classical conductivity theory near the atomic scale, at which quantum effects should dominate. In 2012, experimental measurements of electric resistance of nanowires in Si doped with phosphorus atoms demonstrate that quantum effects on charge transport almost disappear for nanowires of lengths larger than a few nanometers, even at very low temperature (4.2K). We mathematically prove, for non-interacting lattice fermions with disorder, that quantum uncertainty of microscopic electric current density around their (classical) macroscopic values is suppressed, exponentially fast with respect to the volume of the region of the lattice where an external electric field is applied. This is in accordance with the above experimental observation. Disorder is modeled by a random external potential along with random, complex-valued, hopping amplitudes. The celebrated tight-binding Anderson model is one particular example of the general case considered here. Our mathematical analysis is based on Combes-Thomas estimates, the Akcoglu-Krengel ergodic theorem, and the large deviation formalism, in particular the Gärtner-Ellis theorem. ; This research is supported by CNPq (308337/2017-4), FAPESP (2016/02503-8, 2017/22340-9), as well as by the Basque Government through the grant IT641-13 and the BERC 2018-2022 program, and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO: BCAM Severo Ochoa accreditation SEV-2017-0718, MTM2017-82160-C2-2-P.

A theoretical framework common to studies of the role of the mass media in the process of the social construction of reality from both European and American communication research traditions is developed in this article. The framework is derived from the theories of Schutz (1967) and Berger and Luckmann (1967) on the process of reality construction. A model composed of two dimensions—type of reality and distance of social elements from direct experience—is developed. Studies of the media and the social construction of reality are classified and discussed according to the model. The authors suggest that a holistic approach, as defined in this article, is the best suited perspective for a more complete understanding of the role of the mass media in the process of the social construction of reality, and for the integration of the two schools of communication research.

Zmiany polityczne, które zaszły w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej w ostatniej dekadzie XX wieku zaowocowały odejściem od reżimów autorytarnych i wprowadzaniem demokratycznych rozwiązań ustrojowych. Transformacja ustrojowa w krajach regionu dotyczyła także sfery wolności słowai swobody działania mediów. Przemiany odbywały się w sposób ewolucyjny, poprzedzały je dyskusje i spory o przyszły kształt mediów. W początkowym etapie przekształceń niezbędna była silna kontrola państwa, to jego struktury odpowiedzialne były za powodzenie demokratycznych przemian. Po upadku reżimów autorytarnych należało uporządkować prawne i instytucjonalne podstawy istnienia wolnych mediów, które powstać miały na fundamencie mediów państwowych, w pełni kontrolowanych przez władzę polityczną i pełniących w istocie jedną rolę – tuby propagandowej. Punktem wyjścia stały się normatywne teorie mediów, które stanowią zbiór idei i postulatów dotyczących tego, jak media powinny działać, aby implementować społecznie pożądane wartości. Dyskusje nad prawnymi, instytucjonalnymi, funkcjonalnymi, a także personalnymi rozwiązaniami dotyczącymi mediów masowych w nowych demokracjach odwoływały się do obserwacji i ustaleń poczynionych przez badaczy wywodzących się z systemów o długiej tradycji demokratycznej. Przedmiotem prezentowanego artykułu jest relacja między mediami i demokracją. Autorka prezentuje pogląd, że teoria społecznej odpowiedzialności mediów, wspomagana założeniami teorii demokratyczno-uczestniczącej, była głównym źródłem inspiracji dla uczestników debat dotyczących przyszłego kształtu mediów komunikowania masowego w rodzących się demokracjach. Warto zauważyć, że teorie te reprezentują nie tylko nieco odmienne poglądy na miejsce mediów w demokracji, ale odzwierciedlają także różnice w pojmowaniu istoty demokracji. ; The political changes which occurred in Central and Eastern Europe in the last decade of the 20th century resulted in introducing democratic systems to replace authoritarian regimes. The political transformation in the region affected also freedom of speech and leeway for the media. The transformation was of an evolutionary nature, preceded by discussions and disputes over the future form of the media. At the initial stage of the changes, strict state control was required, as the government was responsible for the success of the democratic changes. Following the overthrow of the authoritarian regimes, a need emerged for sorting out the legal and institutional basis of a free media intended to be established on the basis of state-owned media, fully controlled by the political authorities and in fact assuming a single role, namely that of a propaganda machine. Normative theories of the media have become the starting point, as a collection of ideas and postulates stating that the media's mode of operation should facilitate socially desirable values. Discussions of the legal, institutional, functional as well as personal solutions related to the mass media in the new democracies referred to observations and agreements among researchers who came from systems with long democratic traditions. This paper revolves around the relation between the media and democracy, and argues that the theory of the media's social responsibility and the democratic-participant theory were the major source of inspiration for the participants of the debates about the future form of the mass media in the emerging democracies. It is worth noticing that these theories represent not only slightly different opinions on the role of the media in a democracy but they also reflect the differences in understanding the essence of democracy.

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate whether and how enterprise social media (ESM) affordances affect employee agility.Design/methodology/approachAdopting self-determination theory (SDT), this study examines a model in which the four ESM affordances (i.e. visibility, association, editability and persistence) impact employee agility through the three basic psychological needs satisfaction (i.e. perceived autonomy, perceived relatedness and perceived competence) of employees. Mplus 7.4 was used to analyze survey data gathered from 304 employees who used ESM in the workplace.FindingsThe authors' findings show that all four ESM affordances contribute to perceived relatedness and perceived competence; visibility and association affordances also have positive impacts on perceived autonomy; and all three psychological needs satisfaction positively impact employee agility.Originality/valueFirst, this study adapted SDT to explore how ESM influences employee agility. Second, this study enriches the relevant research on the antecedents of employee agility and also provides new evidence and theoretical support for employee agility. Third, this study effectively expands the antecedents and outcomes of employee basic psychological needs satisfaction in the domain of ESM and agility.