International audience ; Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the linkage of various life science efforts around modern predictive toxicology, the establishment of a new ELIXIR Community is seen as instrumental. In the past few years, joint efforts, building on incidental overlap, have been piloted in the context of ELIXIR. For example, the EU-ToxRisk, diXa, HeCaToS, transQST, and the nanotoxicology community have worked with the ELIXIR TeSS, Bioschemas, and Compute Platforms and activities. In 2018, a core group of interested parties wrote a proposal, outlining a sketch of what this new ELIXIR Toxicology Community would look like. A recent workshop (held September 30th to October 1st, 2020) extended this into an ELIXIR Toxicology roadmap and a shortlist of limited investment-high gain collaborations to give body to this new community. This Whitepaper outlines the results of these efforts and defines our vision of the ELIXIR Toxicology Community and how it complements other ELIXIR activities.
International audience ; Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the linkage of various life science efforts around modern predictive toxicology, the establishment of a new ELIXIR Community is seen as instrumental. In the past few years, joint efforts, building on incidental overlap, have been piloted in the context of ELIXIR. For example, the EU-ToxRisk, diXa, HeCaToS, transQST, and the nanotoxicology community have worked with the ELIXIR TeSS, Bioschemas, and Compute Platforms and activities. In 2018, a core group of interested parties wrote a proposal, outlining a sketch of what this new ELIXIR Toxicology Community would look like. A recent workshop (held September 30th to October 1st, 2020) extended this into an ELIXIR Toxicology roadmap and a shortlist of limited investment-high gain collaborations to give body to this new community. This Whitepaper outlines the results of these efforts and defines our vision of the ELIXIR Toxicology Community and how it complements other ELIXIR activities.
International audience ; Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the linkage of various life science efforts around modern predictive toxicology, the establishment of a new ELIXIR Community is seen as instrumental. In the past few years, joint efforts, building on incidental overlap, have been piloted in the context of ELIXIR. For example, the EU-ToxRisk, diXa, HeCaToS, transQST, and the nanotoxicology community have worked with the ELIXIR TeSS, Bioschemas, and Compute Platforms and activities. In 2018, a core group of interested parties wrote a proposal, outlining a sketch of what this new ELIXIR Toxicology Community would look like. A recent workshop (held September 30th to October 1st, 2020) extended this into an ELIXIR Toxicology roadmap and a shortlist of limited investment-high gain collaborations to give body to this new community. This Whitepaper outlines the results of these efforts and defines our vision of the ELIXIR Toxicology Community and how it complements other ELIXIR activities.
International audience ; Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the linkage of various life science efforts around modern predictive toxicology, the establishment of a new ELIXIR Community is seen as instrumental. In the past few years, joint efforts, building on incidental overlap, have been piloted in the context of ELIXIR. For example, the EU-ToxRisk, diXa, HeCaToS, transQST, and the nanotoxicology community have worked with the ELIXIR TeSS, Bioschemas, and Compute Platforms and activities. In 2018, a core group of interested parties wrote a proposal, outlining a sketch of what this new ELIXIR Toxicology Community would look like. A recent workshop (held September 30th to October 1st, 2020) extended this into an ELIXIR Toxicology roadmap and a shortlist of limited investment-high gain collaborations to give body to this new community. This Whitepaper outlines the results of these efforts and defines our vision of the ELIXIR Toxicology Community and how it complements other ELIXIR activities.
International audience ; Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the linkage of various life science efforts around modern predictive toxicology, the establishment of a new ELIXIR Community is seen as instrumental. In the past few years, joint efforts, building on incidental overlap, have been piloted in the context of ELIXIR. For example, the EU-ToxRisk, diXa, HeCaToS, transQST, and the nanotoxicology community have worked with the ELIXIR TeSS, Bioschemas, and Compute Platforms and activities. In 2018, a core group of interested parties wrote a proposal, outlining a sketch of what this new ELIXIR Toxicology Community would look like. A recent workshop (held September 30th to October 1st, 2020) extended this into an ELIXIR Toxicology roadmap and a shortlist of limited investment-high gain collaborations to give body to this new community. This Whitepaper outlines the results of these efforts and defines our vision of the ELIXIR Toxicology Community and how it complements other ELIXIR activities.
International audience ; Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the linkage of various life science efforts around modern predictive toxicology, the establishment of a new ELIXIR Community is seen as instrumental. In the past few years, joint efforts, building on incidental overlap, have been piloted in the context of ELIXIR. For example, the EU-ToxRisk, diXa, HeCaToS, transQST, and the nanotoxicology community have worked with the ELIXIR TeSS, Bioschemas, and Compute Platforms and activities. In 2018, a core group of interested parties wrote a proposal, outlining a sketch of what this new ELIXIR Toxicology Community would look like. A recent workshop (held September 30th to October 1st, 2020) extended this into an ELIXIR Toxicology roadmap and a shortlist of limited investment-high gain collaborations to give body to this new community. This Whitepaper outlines the results of these efforts and defines our vision of the ELIXIR Toxicology Community and how it complements other ELIXIR activities.
In winemaking, the use of alternative yeast starters is becoming increasingly popular. They contribute to the diversity and complexity of wine sensory features and are typically used in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae , to ensure complete fermentation. This practice has drawn the interest on interactions between different oenological yeasts, which are also relevant in spontaneous and conventional fermentations, or in the vineyard. Although several interactions have been described and some mechanisms have been suggested, the possible involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has not yet been considered. This work describes the production of EVs by six wine yeast species (S. cerevisiae , Torulaspora delbrueckii , Lachancea thermotolerans , Hanseniaspora uvarum , Candida sake and Metschnikowia pulcherrima ) in synthetic grape must. Proteomic analysis of EV‐enriched fractions from S. cerevisiae and T. delbrueckii showed enrichment in glycolytic enzymes and cell‐wall‐related proteins. The most abundant protein found in S. cerevisiae , T. delbrueckii and L. thermotolerans EV‐enriched fractions was the enzyme exo‐1,3‐β‐glucanase. However, this protein was not involved in the here‐observed negative impact of T. delbrueckii extracellular fractions on the growth of other yeast species. These findings suggest that EVs may play a role in fungal interactions during wine fermentation and other aspects of wine yeast biology. ; This work was funded by the Spanish Government through grants AGL2015-63629-R (co-financed by FEDER funds), PCI2018-092949 (co-funded by ERA-CoBioTech) and BES-2016-077557 (training contract for AM). JT is funded by FGCSIC by the COMFUTURO program. ; Peer reviewed
We present a spiking neural network model of the thalamic Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) developed on SpiNNaker, which is a state-of-the-art digital neuromorphic hardware built with very-low-power ARM processors. The parallel, event-based data processing in SpiNNaker makes it viable for building massively parallel neuro-computational frameworks. The LGN model has 140 neurons representing a "basic building block" for larger modular architectures. The motivation of this work is to simulate biologically plausible LGN dynamics on SpiNNaker. Synaptic layout of the model is consistent with biology. The model response is validated with existing literature reporting entrainment in steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP)—brain oscillations corresponding to periodic visual stimuli recorded via electroencephalography (EEG). Periodic stimulus to the model is provided by: a synthetic spike-train with inter-spike-intervals in the range 10–50 Hz at a resolution of 1 Hz; and spike-train output from a state-of-the-art electronic retina subjected to a light emitting diode flashing at 10, 20, and 40 Hz, simulating real-world visual stimulus to the model. The resolution of simulation is 0.1 ms to ensure solution accuracy for the underlying differential equations defining Izhikevichs neuron model. Under this constraint, 1 s of model simulation time is executed in 10 s real time on SpiNNaker; this is because simulations on SpiNNaker work in real time for time-steps dt > 1 ms. The model output shows entrainment with both sets of input and contains harmonic components of the fundamental frequency. However, suppressing the feed-forward inhibition in the circuit produces subharmonics within the gamma band (>30 Hz) implying a reduced information transmission fidelity. These model predictions agree with recent lumped-parameter computational model-based predictions, using conventional computers. Scalability of the framework is demonstrated by a multi-node architecture consisting of three "nodes," where each node is the "basic building block" LGN model. This 420 neuron model is tested with synthetic periodic stimulus at 10 Hz to all the nodes. The model output is the average of the outputs from all nodes, and conforms to the above-mentioned predictions of each node. Power consumption for model simulation on SpiNNaker is ≪1 W. Ke ; UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/D07908X/1, EP/G015740/1 ; European Union FP7-604102, FP7-320689,H2020-644096, H2020-687299 ; Ministerio de Educación y Cienca PRX16/00248 ; Junta de Andalucía TIC-6091 ; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2015-63884- C2-1-P
Intro -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Series Preface -- Contents -- Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Part I: Processing Flusser -- Chapter 1: "Does AI Have a Future?" -- Chapter 2: Design/Shape -- Chapter 3: Vilém Flusser in Open Circuits: The Dialogic Capacity of Video Images -- Chapter 4: Flusser and Ars Electronica: Between and Beyond Cybernetics -- Chapter 5: Flusser in the Light of Radiation -- Chapter 6: Games and Play: On Being Human in the Universe of Technical Images -- Chapter 7: Flusser's Philosophical Backgrounds -- Chapter 8: Vilém Flusser's Quasi-Phenomenology -- Chapter 9: Migrants, Flâneurs, Critics: Flusserian Irony and the Genealogy of Modern Cynicism -- Chapter 10: Vampyroteuthis Infernalis as Media Theory -- Chapter 11: Posthistory Today: Historical Time and Virality after Flusser -- Part II: Flusser's Expanded Modernism -- Chapter 12: Demonologies -- Chapter 13: An Intersubjective Style -- Chapter 14: "Naked Little Spasms of the Self": In Search of an Authentic Gesture in Posthistorical Times -- Chapter 15: The 'Pataphysical Span: Alfred Jarry and Vil é m Flusser -- Chapter 16: Flusser's New Weird -- Chapter 17: A Philosophy of Refraction: Vil é m Flusser's Speculative Biology and the Study of Paramedia -- Chapter 18: Everything Quantizes1 -- Chapter 19: Religious Telematics and the Archives of Memory -- Chapter 20: The Challenge of Vilém Flusser: Latinidad and Its Others -- Chapter 21: On Synthesis and Synthetic Reality: Post/Modernism in Flusser's Thinking -- Chapter 22: Fascism, Iconoclasm, and the Global Village -- Chapter 23: The Future of Writing -- Chapter 24: Vilém Flusser's Linguistic Briefcase -- Chapter 25: The Depressed Person and the Vampire Squid: Sonic Gestures in the Work of Vil é m Flusser and David Foster Wallace.
Zugriffsoptionen:
Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
6 p. ; Global warming, market and production capacity are being the key drivers for selecting the main players for the next decades in the market of bio-based plastics. The drop-in bio-based polymers such as the bio-based polyethylene terephtalate (PET) or polyethylene (PE), chemically identical to their petrochemical counterparts but having a component of biological origin, are in the top of the list. They are followed by new polymers such as PHA and PLA with a significant market growth rate since 2014 with projections to 2020. Research will provide improved strains designed through synthetic and systems biology approaches; furthermore, the use of low-cost substrates will contribute to the widespread application of these bio- based polymers. The durability of plastics is not considered anymore as a virtue, and interesting bioprospecting strategies to isolate microorganisms for assimilating the recalcitrant plastics will pave the way for in vivo strategies for plastic mineralization. In this context, waste management of bio-based plastic will be one of the most important issues in the near future in terms of the circular economy. There is a clear need for standardized labelling and sorting instructions, which should be regulated in a coordinated way by policymakers and material producers. ; Research on polymer biotechnology at the lab of Auxi Prieto is supported by grants from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme and for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement nº. 311815, and the Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement nº 633962 and nº. 679050. We also acknowledge the Community of Madrid (P2013/MIT2807) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy (BIO201344878R, BIO2014-61515-EXP). ; Peer reviewed
Haematophagous parasites and disease vectors such as leeches, ticks, mites, lice, bed bugs, mosquitoes, and myiasis-causing fly larvae are common health problems in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). A main aim of my field work in Lao PDR in 2006-2010 was to document traditional knowledge among different ethnic groups about plants that people use to repel or to kill blood-feeding invertebrates. We carried out structured interviews in 66 villages comprising 17 ethnic groups, covering a range of ethnic group, throughout Lao PDR and recorded a total of 92 plant species - in 123 different plant-ectoparasite combinations - that are used as traditional repellents and/or as "pesticides" to kill "pest" invertebrates. Traditional use was confirmed in the scientific literature for 74 of these plant species, and for an additional 13 species based on literature on closely related species. We concluded that repellents and pesticides from many plant species are commonly used in the Lao countryside. We also investigated traditionally used Lao plants for their activity to repel or to kill certain disease vectors and parasites. Target organisms were mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae), fly larvae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha) in fermented fish production, and terrestrial blood-sucking leeches (Hirudinea, Haemadipsidae). The potential mosquito repellent activities of essential oils of Croton roxburghii (Euphorbiaceae), Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae), and Litsea cubeba (Lauraceae) were evaluated in the field near Vientiane. Oils at concentrations of 1.7-6.7 µg/cm2 were significantly repellent to Aedes, Armigeres and Culex attracted to human baits. The activities against fly larvae, infesting fermenting fish, of three plant species, Tadehagi triquetrum (Fabaceae), Uraria crinita (Fabaceae) and Bambusa multiplex (Poaceae) were investigated: When fresh material of the plants was added on top of fermenting fish infested with fly larvae significant proportions of the larvae were repelled or killed. The total protective effect, i.e., repellent and killing effect combined, of T. triquetrum, U. crinita, and B. multiplex was 60-83 %, 77-90 %, and 60-93 %, respectively. Field evaluation of the potential leech repellent activities of water extracts of Sapindus rarak (Sapindaceae), Catunaregam spathulifolia (Rubiaceae) and Vernonia elaeagnifolia, (Asteraceae) impregnated on stockings and worn by persons in two leech-infested biotopes revealed leech repellent activities of 82.6%, 62.6% and 63.0%, respectively. The corresponding repellencies of deltamethrin and diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (DEET) were 73.1% and 88.4%, respectively. Identification of the active components in certain of the plants with the ultimate aim to develop more optimal, less costly repellents, insecticides, acaricides, and anti-leech compounds as alternatives to synthetic repellents and pesticides against blood-feeding insects, ticks, mites, and leeches is in progress.
The fight against infectious diseases often focuses on epidemics and pandemics, which demand urgent resources and command attention from the health authorities and media. However, the vast majority of deaths caused by infectious diseases occur in endemic zones, particularly in developing countries, placing a disproportionate burden on underfunded health systems and often requiring international interventions. The provision of vaccines and other biologics is hampered not only by the high cost and limited scalability of traditional manufacturing platforms based on microbial and animal cells, but also by challenges caused by distribution and storage, particularly in regions without a complete cold chain. In this review article, we consider the potential of molecular farming to address the challenges of endemic and re-emerging diseases, focusing on edible plants for the development of oral drugs. Key recent developments in this field include successful clinical trials based on orally delivered dried leaves of Artemisia annua against malarial parasite strains resistant to artemisinin combination therapy, the ability to produce clinical-grade protein drugs in leaves to treat infectious diseases and the long-term storage of protein drugs in dried leaves at ambient temperatures. Recent FDA approval of the first orally delivered protein drug encapsulated in plant cells to treat peanut allergy has opened the door for the development of affordable oral drugs that can be manufactured and distributed in remote areas without cold storage infrastructure and that eliminate the need for expensive purification steps and sterile delivery by injection. ; The authors would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (project AGL2017-85377-R), the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (projects RTI2018-097613-B-I00 and PGC2018-097655-B-I00), the EU Horizon 2020 project Pharma-Factory (774078) and the Gener- alitat de Catalunya (Grups Consolidats2017-SGR828); Ag encia de Gesti o d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (PAND EMIES 2020); Project LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007660 (Microbiologia Molecular, Estrutural e Celular funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020)—Programa Operacional Compet- itividade e Internacionalizacß~ao (POCI) and by the FCT (Portugal) through the R&D Unit, UIDB/04551/2020 (GREEN-IT—Biore- sources for Sustainability); UKIERI and the Hotung Foundation for sustained support of the Bharathiar University / St. George's Univ. of London collaboration and the Molecular Immunology Unit at St. George's Univ. of London. The Max Planck Society, the EU Horizon 2020 project Newcotiana (760331-2) and a grant from the European Research Council (ERC-ADG-2014; grant agreement 669982) to RB. KMOC, RMT and STH acknowledge support from the InnCoCells project funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 101000373. PSS, KAM, RF and SN are partially supported by a CRAFT award (COVID-19 Research Accelerator Funding Track) by the University of California Davis. KAM and SN were partially supported by NASA Space Technology Research (award number NNX17AJ31G) and by the Translational Research Institute through NASA (grant number NNX16AO69A); EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural Corporation), INCT BioSyn (National Institute of Science and Technology in Synthetic Biology), CNPq, CAPES, Brazilian Ministry of Health, FAPDFnd Universidade Cat olica de Bras ılia (UCB), Bras ılia, Brazil; BBSRC Grant BB/L020955/1, the JIC Strategic Programme Grant 'Molecules from Nature –Enhanced Research Capacity' (BBS/E/ J/000PR9794), the John Innes Foundation and the Department of Health and Social Care using UK Aid funding managed by the BBSRC; and The Austrian Science Fund FWF (project W1224). TTW Veni Grant 16740 from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. Research in the Daniell laboratory was supported by NIH grants R01 GM 63879, R01 107904, R01 HL 109442, R01 133191 and grants from Bayer, Novo Nordisk and Shire/Takeda. The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, through the Science Moving TowArds Research Trans- lation and Therapy (SMARTT) programme contracts # HHSN268201600014C, HHSN268201600011C supported IND enabling regulatory, toxicology and pharmacokinetic studies. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the University of California, Davis, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) or the Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the employing institutions or the UK Department of Health and Social Care
Анализируется роль Кирилла Михайловича Завадского в борьбе с лысенковщиной, в развитии и пропаганде в нашей стране синтетической теории эволюции (СТЭ). Каждая крупная его работа вызывала жесткие дискуссии и резкие возражения со стороны идейных противников. Их нападки усилились после назначения Завадского в 1952 г. и.о. заведующего кафедрой дарвинизма ЛГУ вместо И.И. Презента. С тех пор он стал объектом злобной критики и клеветы со стороны Т.Д. Лысенко и его подручных, не раз обращавшихся в партийногосударственные органы с требованием приструнить, наказать и уволить Завадского как врага мичуринской биологии и проводника чуждых западных идей и концепций. Сочетая в своем лице ученого и организатора, педагога и ученика, экспериментатора и теоретика, он успешно работал как биологэволюционист, историк науки и философ биологии. Завадский внес существенный вклад в экспериментальное изучение движущих сил эволюции (борьбы за существование и естественного отбора) и структуры популяций растений, разработал оригинальную концепцию вида и видообразования, предложил классификацию основных уровней организации живого, выделил критерии и закономерности прогресса, а также исследовал основные этапы развития эволюционной идеи от Ч. Дарвина до 1970-х гг. В 1947-1977 гг. Завадский тесно сотрудничал со многими отечественными биологами, чьи работы составляют гордость российской науки, которые ценили не только его труды, но и усилия по институциализации эволюционных исследований в СССР. ; The article analyzes the role of Kirill Mikhailovich Zavadsky in the struggle against Lysenkoism, in developing and promoting of synthetic evolutionary theory (STE) in our country. Each of his major publications gave rise to critical discussions and strong negative voice of his ideological opponents. The opposition became more active in 1951 when Zavadsky was appointed to the position of the head of Darwinism department instead of I.I. Present. Since then he became a target for T.D. Lysenko's and his assistants who many times appealed to the state government asking for punishment for Zavadsky as he was an enemy of Michurin's biology. Zavadsky successfully work in many diff erent fields of knowledge: theoretical and experimental, in biology, historian and philosopher of science; he was a scientist and science organizer, worked as a teacher. He contributed well to the experimental research of driving forces of evolution (struggle for existence and natural selection) and of the structure of plant populations. He developed original concept of species and speciation and proposed classification of basic levels of living matter, alloted criteria and objective laws of progress, and also made a research of main stages of the development of evolutionary thought from Charles Darwin to the 1970-s. In 1947-1977 Zavadsky collaborated with many Russian biologists whose works became an honor of Russian science, and who appreciated not only his own work but also his efforts to institualize evolutionary research in the USSR.
In: Manzotti , A , Bergna , A , Cernava , T , Berg , G , Collinge , D B , Jørgensen , H J L & Jensen , B 2018 , ' Can phytohormones influence the composition of the endophytic microbiome in tomato roots? ' , Plant Biology Europe Conference , Copenhagen , Denmark , 18/06/2018 - 21/06/2018 pp. 218 .
Endophytes are microbes capable of colonizing the inner part of plants without causing disease. In some cases, they improve host plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses and promote plant growth. The plant-endophyte interaction involves complex mechanisms ranging from the recruitment of the microorganisms to the colonization of internal plant tissue, with the need to escape the plant immune system. These processes are regulated by different plant and endophyte signalling molecules. Phytohormones are among these signalling compounds, but little is known about the specific ways by which they influence recruitment and colonization. The current project aims to obtain a deeper knowledge of the role of signalling compounds in plant-endophyte interactions. To understand how phytohormones influence the composition of endophytic communities, a microbiome analysis (isolation and amplicon sequencing) of endophytic fungi was conducted on roots of tomato mutants impaired in synthesis of ethylene and jasmonic acid. The amplicon sequencing analysis showed a significant effect of the phytohormones, but only the relative abundance of a few taxa was affected (e.g. Fusarium and Pseudogymnoascus). In contrast, there was a stronger effect of plant genotype (comparison of the two wild-types) where the abundance of e.g. Thielaviopsis, Apiotrichum, Fusarium, Saitozyma and Pyrenochaeta differed significantly. The community analysis also revealed high abundance of potential pathogens (e.g. Thielaviopsis basicola and Pyrenochaeta lycopersici) and isolated strains of these species were pathogenic when tested in planta. To understand why healthy plants can harbour such a high amount of pathogenic fungi, experiments with synthetic communities holding both endophytic and pathogenic isolates are currently conducted in order to elucidate possible "natural biocontrol effects" by the endophytic fungi present in the microbiome. "This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 676480".
