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In the countries where voting is not compulsory, abstention in the European Parliamentary Elections is a kind of tradition.

Cover; Half Title Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Declaration; About the Editor; Table of Contents; List of Contributors; List of Abbreviations; Preface; Chapter 1 Measuring the Globalization of Cities from the New Regionalism Perspective; Abstract; Background; Conclusion; Authors' Contributions; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 2 Dynamics of Volatility Spillover Between Stock Market and Foreign Exchange Market: Evidence from Asian Countries; Abstract; Background; Methods; Results and Discussion; Conclusions; Acknowledgement; Authors' Contributions; References

AbstractEU citizenship, now so central to the European Union's project, remains a highly contested concept in respect of its meaning, its scope, and its purpose. By considering the large body of legal texts and their travaux préparatoires from the 1972 Paris European Council until the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, we have explored what the original drafters had in mind in developing the concept of EU citizenship and, crucially, what they did not. The article argues that the notion of European citizenship was seen as a tool to define European identity, and thus to continue the building of the European Union as a whole. European citizenship was thus viewed through a constitutional prism from the outset. The constitutional approach to the concept of European citizenship fed into the wider constitutionalisation project under the Maastricht Treaty and, later, permeated the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. We wish to argue that this focus on the constitutional nature of EU citizenship overlooked the more practical implications of citizenship, such as how to manage immigration flows or the infrastructure changes needed in the host state to accommodate a significant number of arrivals of EU citizens (in particular in respect of housing and social welfare benefits). It took more than 20 years after the introduction of EU citizenship for the Court of Justice to become aware of the practical, as opposed to constitutional, implications of the direction of travel it had pursued. By that time, it was too late for the United Kingdom, one of the countries which had received the largest number of EU citizens; the UK voted by a narrow margin to leave the European Union.

Regional integration schemes strengthen links between member countries (closed regionalism) which are often neighbouring countries. At the same time, collaboration with other schemes can promote solidarity. Nevertheless, integration schemes are affected by asymmetries. The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) is a regional integration scheme which faces many challenges but has the potential to reach the same level of regional integration as the European Union. This article examines the evolution, challenges, asymmetries and opportunities of CARICOM and offers recommendations. ; Los esquemas de integración regional fortalecen vínculos entre los países miembros (regionalismo cerrado). Muchas veces, los países miembros son países vecinos. A la vez, la colaboración con otros esquemas promueve la solidaridad. No obstante, los esquemas de integración están aquejados por las asimetrías. La Comunidad Caribeña (CARICOM) es un esquema de integración regional que también enfrenta muchos retos; pero hay potencial para llegar al mismo nivel de integración como la Unión Europea. Este artículo examina la evolución, los retos, y las oportunidades de la CARICOM y ofrece varias recomendaciones.

In 1958, Herman Benson, a longtime socialist and labor editor of a weekly New York tabloid, Labor Action, received a call about three leaders in a Chicago Machinist union local. They had challenged the questionable financial practices of the union business agent, but the union's international president was more upset about their distribution of handbills to members than any malfeasance by the business agent. He put the local under a trustee who promulgated rules banning distribution of any literature (even the Bill of Rights). As the local leaders carried on their protest, two of them were expelled by the president, A. L. Hayes, after he suppressed the results of an internal trial and issued his own verdict. It's an appalling story, but the kicker is that Hayes was also chairman of the new AFL-CIO Ethical Practices Committee.

Gender impact assessment has been both celebrated as a beacon of hope for the cause of gender equality and criticised as being ineffectual. More than 20 years of gender mainstreaming have demonstrated that equality governance with and through impact assessment is an intersectional and still evolving process. Arn T. Sauer's study examines the instruments of gendered policy analysis and the conditions under which they are being used by the Canadian federal government and the European Commission. Interviews with experts from public administration and instrument designers as well as document analyses reveal benefits and challenges and show that the success of equality governance depends upon whether knowledge about gendered policy and appropriate administrative practices are embedded, embodied and entrenched in public administration.

Gender impact assessment has been both celebrated as a beacon of hope for the cause of gender equality and criticised as being ineffectual. More than 20 years of gender mainstreaming have demonstrated that equality governance with and through impact assessment is an intersectional and still evolving process. Arn T. Sauer's study examines the instruments of gendered policy analysis and the conditions under which they are being used by the Canadian federal government and the European Commission. Interviews with experts from public administration and instrument designers as well as document analyses reveal benefits and challenges and show that the success of equality governance depends upon whether knowledge about gendered policy and appropriate administrative practices are embedded, embodied and entrenched in public administration.

Gender impact assessment has been both celebrated as a beacon of hope for the cause of gender equality and criticised as being ineffectual. More than 20 years of gender mainstreaming have demonstrated that equality governance with and through impact assessment is an intersectional and still evolving process. Arn T. Sauer's study examines the instruments of gendered policy analysis and the conditions under which they are being used by the Canadian federal government and the European Commission. Interviews with experts from public administration and instrument designers as well as document analyses reveal benefits and challenges and show that the success of equality governance depends upon whether knowledge about gendered policy and appropriate administrative practices are embedded, embodied and entrenched in public administration.