Suchergebnisse

Culture is a constant reference in debates surrounding Islam in Europe. Yet the notion of culture is commonly restricted to conceptual frames of multiculturalism where it relates to group identities, collective ways of life and recognition. This volume extends such analysis of culture by approaching it as semiotic practice which conjoins the making of subjects with the configuration of the social. Examining fields such as memory, literature, film, and Islamic art, the studies in this volume explore culture as another element in the assemblage of rationalities governing European Islam. From thi

The shattering defeat of PAS in the 2004 general elections, while holding on to the reins of government in the state of Kelantan by a tiny majority, heralded an era of introspection for party leaders and strategists. PAS had misread popular sentiment for justice and good governance, which had propelled it into recording massive gains at the expense of its arch-rival UMNO in 1999, as an endorsement of its Islamic state agenda. Its adamant retention of this agenda, costing it an alliance with the Democratic Action Party (DAP) in the Barisan Alternatif (BA) coalition, was most vividly displayed by its revelation of the Islamic State Document (ISD) in late 2003. While PAS does not claim to have disavowed the ISD, deliberations on the ISD seem to have stalled in preference for internal party reforms. Prodding for the reforms are the young professionals whose influx into the party in the mid-1990s transformed the landscape of PAS which in the 1960s was closely identified with the Malay peasantry class. Clearly, the impact of globalization and the rise of the middle class during the era of Dr. Mahathir Mohamad's Premiership have not eluded PAS. This paper traces such changes, focusing on the realms of political economy and ideological modernization. Internal pressures for changes have accelerated since the electoral setback of 2004 and a string of by-election defeats, at the risk of alienating grassroots party activists who hold the conservative ulama leadership in high esteem. This paper contends that any structural transformation in PAS will necessarily take a long time. Internal fissures are not automatically solved by electoral success, as experienced by PAS in the March 2008 elections, when PAS not only retained the state of Kelantan, but also shared the spoils of power in Kedah, Perak, Selangor and Penang as a component party of the newly assembled People's Pact (PR: Pakatan Rakyat) coalition.

Islam and state; Arab countries; social conditions; Islam; Turkey; 21st century

The progress of information, communication and transportation technology has had a wide influence on daily life, and even overhauled the social system. It is difficult to put the process of social, cultural and political change nowadays apart from the development of global dynamics. The process of globalization has a huge influence on the development of religious values. Religion as a view that consists of various doctrines and values has a great influence on society. They recognize the importance of the role of religion in social life - the politics of the world community. plays an important role in the process of globalization. Because of the importance of the role of religion in people's lives, it is necessary to understand the extent of religion in responding to various social problems. Religion is reduced to provide rules of life and as an instrument for understanding the world that will bring happiness to human life. In line with these changes, finally emerged three forms of fundamental paradigms that developed among Muslims in the face of globalization, namely: conservative, liberal and alternative paradigms. Keywords: Paradigm, Islamic, Globalization.

TABLE OF CONTENTS; FIGURES AND TABLES; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; INTRODUCTION; PART I: REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES; CHAPTER ONE; CHAPTER TWO; PART II: RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES; CHAPTER THREE; CHAPTER FOUR; PART III: COUNTRY PERSPECTIVES; CHAPTER FIVE; CHAPTER SIX; CHAPTER SEVEN; CHAPTER EIGHT; PART IV: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES; CHAPTER NINE; CHAPTER TEN; ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS; CONTRIBUTORS; INDEX

Abstrak: Gerakan Politik Islam Versus Belanda. Sejak awal abad ke 17 Bangsa Indonesia masuk kedalam masa penjajahan yang di awali oleh bangsa Portugis dan bangsa Spanyol dalam rangka mengadakan penjajahan keliling dunia, maka sampailah bangsa-bangsa tersebut di Asia. Dengan ditemukan kompas, mesin uap, dan berdasarkan teori Copernicus bahwa bumi ini bulat, maka dimulailah penjelajahan dunia. Dari kedua bangsa itu, pertama kali muncul adanya Imperalisme kuno. Mereka bersemboyan gold (emas lambing kekayaan), gospel, (agama sebagai usaha untuk penyebaran agama dan meneruskan Perang Salib), dan glory (kekayaan yang berarti ingin menguasai daerah-daerah yang didatanginya). Hal tersebut terjadi sejak abad ke-15 dan ke-16.