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The purpose of this research is to analyze the problem of incompliance of the minimum living wage (MLW) and the subsistence level. The consumer baskets of the Moscow residents and Europeans are compared. The MLW in Russia and countries of the Eurozone is aligned. Social aspects of raising the MLW to the level of the subsistence level are considered. Positive and negative consequences are formulated. The dynamics of the MLW and subsistence level are studied in detail. The factors influencing the quality of the population's life are regulated. Positive and negative consequences of raising the MLW are formulated. Conclusions about the quality of the Russian population's life are made. The article is based on a comprehensive study of regulatory and legislative documents that establish the MLW amount, the subsistence level, the consumer basket, as well as on studying the works of national and foreign researchers. ; peer-reviewed

PAST DISCUSSIONS OF MARKET VERSUS PLANNED ECONOMIES IN TERMS OF THE EFFICIENCY/EQUITY TRADEOFF MISSED THE ADVERSE EQUITY IMPLICATIONS OF TOTALITARIAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF PLURALISTIC POLITICAL DECISIONMAKING STRUCTURES. THE PAPER DEMONSTRATES THE ROLE OF THE PATERNALISTIC PARTY-STATE IN CREATING NONMARKET INEQUITIES, LIMITING THE ARTICULATION OF POLITICAL PREFERENCES CONCERNING SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, AND RESTRICTING NONSTATE SOURCES OF WELFARE. THE TRANSITION TO PLURALISTIC MARKET ECONOMIES IMPLIES POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS BOTH IN EQUITY AND EFFICIENCY. THE DISTINCT PROBLEMS OF THE TRANSITION ARE PRIMARILY ROOTED IN UNCERTAINTIES ARISING FROM THE SCARCITY OF RESOURCES AND THE FLUIDITY OF POLITICAL PREFERENCES.

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Ecosystem Patterns and Processes -- Chapter 1: Navigating the Freshwaters of Patagonia... and This Book -- 1 The Many Ways to Look at Patagonia -- 2 The Many Ways to Read This Book -- 2.1 The Water, the Ecosystems and the Communities -- 2.2 The Many Influences of Volcanic Activity -- 2.3 Patagonian History and the Memory of Waters -- 2.4 Freshwaters and Wetlands in Present-Day Patagonia -- 2.5 Conservation and Protection: Are We Winning? -- 2.6 Water and Environmental Justice in Patagonia -- References -- Chapter 2: Are Wetlands Freshwaters? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 But, What Are Wetlands? -- 3 The Brinson's Approach -- 4 Patagonian Inland Wetlands -- 5 Wetlands and Society -- References -- Chapter 3: North Patagonian Andean Deep Lakes: Impact of Glacial Recession and Volcanic Eruption -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Deep Andean-Patagonian Lakes of Argentina -- 3 Climate Change -- 4 Volcanic Eruptions -- 5 Lake Water Column: Light, Temperature, and Nutrients -- 6 Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) as a Sensitive Variable -- 7 Mixotrophic Nanoflagellates: Light and Feeding -- 8 Changes in C:P and Crustacean Zooplankton Distribution -- 9 Volcanic Eruption and Cladoceran Disappearance -- 10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4: Current State and Recent Changes of Glaciers in the Patagonian Andes (~37 °S to 55 °S) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Patagonian Andes -- 3 Glacier Distribution in the Patagonian Andes -- 4 Ice Volume in the Patagonian Andes -- 5 Glacier Changes in the Patagonian Andes -- 5.1 Glacier Area Changes -- 5.2 Glacier Mass Changes -- 5.3 Causes of Glacier Mass Change -- 6 Hydrological Significance of Glaciers in the Patagonian Andes -- 7 Glacier as Risk Sources in the Patagonian Andes -- 8 Regulation Measures and Protection of Patagonian Glaciers -- 9 Concluding Remarks -- References.

Cet article s'attache à comprendre comment le paysagiste Roberto Burle Marx fonde la modernité de ses jardins en recourant à un certain nombre de stratégies qui pourraient sembler conservatrices voire régressives à la lumière d'une analyse partant de la perspective traditionnelle de l'histoire du modernisme brésilien. L'analyse des particularités de ses procédés formels comme, par exemple, le recours à des éléments architecturaux récupérés sur des chantiers de démolition et utilisés pour la composition de ses jardins, mise en rapport avec sa pratique de collectionneur d'art et de plantes, nous invite à élaborer de nouveaux outils critiques afin d'aborder à nouveaux frais son œuvre de paysagiste.

"This title was first published in 2002: Focusing on the central issues of the contemporary trade-environment-social cohesion debate, this compelling book analyzes the social and environmental impacts of existing trade liberalization through the World Trade Organization (WTO), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and other key regimes. It also explores new strategies for regulation and risk assessment, environmental information, standard setting, voluntary activities, sustainability assessments of trade agreements, and participation by civil society. Features include: -suggests ways in which the NAFTA model might be improved -explores the NAFTA regime with regards to its environmental and social impacts -evaluates the experience and improvement of NAFTA and how it might assist the broader international community Characterized by its meticulous scholarship and fluid style, this authoritative work is an indispensable guide for all those concerned with trade liberalization, environmental enhancement and social cohesion."--Provided by publisher.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- A Note on Translation, Transliteration, and Abbreviations -- Introduction. Townspeople, Company People, and Textiles: A Woven History -- PART 1. Gendered Experiences -- 1. Competing Masculinities: Docile Workers, Aggressive Afandiyya, and the Mechanization of the Modern Subject -- 2. Urbanizing Masculinity: Workers, Weavers, and Futuwwat in Violent Alliances and Fluid Identities -- 3. Mechanizing Women: Industrial Workers or Women Adrift? -- 4. Ladies in Urban Times: Work, Property, and Gender in the Modernity of the Poor -- PART 2. Industrial Sexuality -- 5. Sexually Speaking: Unveiling the Harassment of Women, Child Molestation, Homosexuality, and Hetero-intimacy in Industrial-Urban Space -- 6. Striking and Sex-Working: Living with Tuberculosis, Syphilis, and Other Monsters -- Conclusion. The Anxiety of Transition -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

1. War and violence : understanding the breeds -- 2. Terrorism : understanding the heavens -- 3. The heavens described -- 4. Making the man : terrorism charted and defined -- 5. Terrorism in the modern world -- 6. Durkheim, sociology and understanding terrorism.

The promise that education holds out for many parents is that through a sustained effort and investment in school work on the part of their children, these can hope for a better quality of life than they themselves had. One of the predominant concerns of educational theory and research in the last four decades has been that schooling, rather than bringing about social equality and equity, serves to reproduce privilege from one generation to the next. This problem was also brought up at a political level when in the 1950s and 1960s in such countries as the USA, the UK, Sweden and Australia the prevalent belief was that schools and education could bring about an open society where effort and ability rather than accidents of birth would determine one's occupational future. Citizens would therefore move upwards or downwards socially according to their success at school rather than because of inherited privilege. It was for this reason that in those countries by the 1960s - and in Malta in the 1970s - schools were restructured through the introduction of comprehensivization and the removal of streaming and tracking to enhance an 'open' school system. ; peer-reviewed

Intro -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter one Fieldwork and Theory -- Chapter two The Production of a Tourist City -- Chapter three Locating Cultural Authenticity -- Chapter four Relocation, Rhythm, and Stability -- Chapter five Music, Difference, and Lived Space -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Index -- About the Author -- Blank Page.