Suchergebnisse

This book provides a concise and accessible account of the historical experience of European parliaments - why different electoral systems were adopted, how they have functioned, how they have affected the development of political parties, and in what respects they have been found over time to be either suitable or unsatisfactory. The book begins with a summary of the main electoral systems, analysing and re-assessing each in the light of historical experience. The core of the book, however, is a country-by-country account of the systems which have operated in each of the main West European.

Historical Introduction -- I. Logistic Approaches -- Calculus of variations and the logistic curve -- Population growth, equilibria,and extinction under specified breeding conditions: a development and extension of the theory of the logistic curve -- The logistic law and its generalizations (Sur la loi logistique et ses généralisations) -- The physiological segregation and the variation of species (Sur la ségrégation physiologique et la variation des espèces) -- Conraients on the note by Mr. Régnier and Miss Lambin: Study of a case of microbial competition (Bacillus coli — Staphylococcus aureus) (Remarques sur la note de M. Régnier et Mlle Lambin (Étude d'un cas d'antagonisme microbien, Bacillus coli — Staphylococcus aureus)) -- The integro-differential equations for the toxic contamination of a medium (Sur les équations intégrodifférentielles de la théorie de l'action toxique du milieu) -- Comments on the toxic action of the medium relative to the note by Mr. Régnier and Miss Lambin (Remarques sur 1'action toxique du milieu a propos de la Note de M. Régnier et Mlle Lambin (Étude sur le croit microbien en fonction de la quantité de substance nutritive des milieux de culture)) -- II. Competition and Predation -- Variations and fluctuations in the numbers of coexisting animal species (Variazioni e fluttuazioni del numero d'individui in specie animali conviventi) -- Principles of mathematical biology: Part II (Principes de biologie mathematique: Partie II) -- The general equations of biological strife in the case of historical actions -- The growth of mixed populations: Two species competing for a common food supply -- On Volterra's theory of the struggle for existence (Sulla teoria di Volterra della lotta per I'esistenza) -- On asymptotically stable periodic solutions in biological differential equations (Sur les solutions asymptotiques d'équations differéntielies biologiques) -- III. Parasitism, Epidemics and Symbiosis -- Contribution to the analysis of malaria epidemiology I. General Part -- Contribution to the analysis of malaria epidemiology IV. Incubation lag -- Symbiosis, parasitism and evolution (Symbiose, parasitisme et évolution (etude mathénatique)) -- IV. Genotypic Selection and Evolution -- Mathematical biology. Chapter 15: Evolution (Biologie mathématique. Chapter 15: Évolution) -- General differential equations for the problem of natural selection (Équations différentielies générales du problème de selection naturelle) -- On the Mendelian coefficients of heredity (Sur les coefficients mendéliens d'hé'rédité) -- The differential equations for the problem of natural selection in the case of mutations on sexual chromosomes (Sur les équations différentielles du problème de la sélection naturelle dans le cas de mutation d'un chromosome sexuel) -- On the singular points of the differential equations in the problem of natural selection (Sur les points singuliers des équations différentielles du problème de la sélection naturelle) -- Natural selection and transformation of the species from the mathematical, statistical and biological points of view (Sélection naturelle et transformation des espèces du point de vue analytique, statisque et biologique) -- V. Life and the Earth -- Evolution of the atmosphere: Organic circulation, glacial periods (Évolution de 1 ' atmosphere: Circulation organique, époques glaciares) -- General Bibliography.