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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction: Origins of States-systems -- 1. Westphalian Sovereignty Comes to the Arab World -- 2. Regulation, Surveillance, and State Formation -- 3. Commercial Interests and Elite Bargains -- 4. Domestic Conflict and Regime Maintenance -- Conclusion: Pan-Arabism, Postimperial Orders, and International Norms -- Notes -- Index

Cover -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Maps: the Near Eastern political system -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Part I. Territory and Borders -- 1. Inner vs. Outer Territory -- 2. Universal Control -- 3. The Boundaries of the World -- 4. Symbolic Attainment of the World Border -- 5. The Coexistence of Different States -- 6. Moving Borders -- 7. The Boundary as a Watershed for Taxation -- 8. The Boundary as a Watershed for Responsibilities -- 9. Runaways and Extradition -- 10. Messengers and 'Ambassadors' -- Part II. War and Alliance -- 11. The One against Many -- 12. War as Elimination ofthe Rebels -- 13. Conquest as a Cosmic Organization -- 14. Peace as Submission -- 15. Ordeal by War -- 16. The Rules of War -- 17. The Battle of Megiddo -- 18. Peace as Mutual Recognition -- 19. The Ideology of Protection -- 20. The Ideology of Brotherhood -- Part III. Circulation of Goods -- 21. Priority and Continuity of the Redistributive Pattern -- 22. Intervention of the Reciprocal Pattern -- 23. Accumulation vs. Circulation -- 24. Self-sufficiency vs. Interdependence -- 25. The Ideology of Life -- 26. Hatshepsut and Punt: Trade or Tribute? -- 27. Wen-Amun and Zakar-Ba'al: Gift or Trade? -- 28. The Annals of Tuthmosis III: Tribute or Gift? -- 29. The Origins of Tribute -- 30. Equal vs. Unequal Marriages -- 31. Conclusions -- Chronologies -- Notes -- Index.

The study of religion and international religions has witnessed an exponential growth in recent decades. Courses and programs exploring the complex entanglements between faith and global politics have likewise mushroomed around the world. Despite this ferment, reflections on teaching religion and international relations have so far lagged behind. This forum seeks to remedy this general silence. It brings together a diverse range of scholars from a multiplicity of national, religious, methodological, and theoretical backgrounds who teach across a variety of different geographical settings including North America, Europe, and East Asia. Contributors reflect on three broad themes. First, how do we engage with the contested character of religion as a category of analysis and practice, and with the multidisciplinary nature of its study? Second, how does the context within which we operate—be it geographical, cultural, institutional, or historical—influence and shape who, what, and how we teach? Third, how do we address the important and, at times, contentious personal and ethical challenges that our research and teaching on religion and politics inevitably raises in the classroom?

1. Transcendence and interpretation : introductory notes on the theology of the rule of law / Lior Barshack -- 2. Shari'a, faith and critical legal theory / Marinos Diamantides -- 3. One law against another? : reading the veil cases : the foundational reference, Shari'a and human rights / Adam Gearey -- 4. The gift of ambiguity : strategising beyond the either/or of secularism and religion in Islamic divorce law / Hassan El Menyawi -- 5. What is Islamic law? : a praxiological answer and an Egyptian case study / Baudouin Dupret -- 6. State of equalities : law, marriage and citizenship in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania / Satyel Larson -- 7. Entrepreneurs and morals / Gul Berna Ozcan -- 8. Religion, politics and the dilemma of national identity / Tasneem Kausar -- 9. Theorizing Islam without the state : Islamic discourses on the minority status of Muslims in the West / Alexandre Caeiro -- 10. Terror in the faculty lounge : addressing the politics of fear and the politics of difference in government security politics / Katherine E. Brown.

The problems faced by social sciences in studying international relations are delineated. A variety of disciplines have laid claim to international relations; here, a transdisciplinary approach provides a paradigm capable of dealing with the multidimensionality & complexity of the relations studied. Scientists are warned to be aware of the ideologies ingrained in their approaches. The benefits of a transdisciplinary analysis are noted, as is the need for further research to incorporate the various explanatory variables of social science into a comprehensive paradigm for complex social interaction. 3 Illustrations, 37 References. R. McCarthy.

Although exceptionalism is an important dimension of China's foreign policy, it has not been a subject of serious scholarly research. This article attempts to identify manifestations of exceptionalism in China's long history and explain why and how different types of exceptionalism have arisen in different historical periods. The analytical approach is both historical and theoretical. It explores how international structure has interacted with perceptions of history and culture to produce three distinctive yet related types of exceptionalism in imperial, Maoist, and contemporary China. While resting on an important factual basis, China's exceptionalism is constructed by mixing facts with myths through selective use of the country's vast historical and cultural experiences. The implications of contemporary China's exceptionalism -- as characterized by the claims of great power reformism, benevolent pacifism, and harmonious inclusions -- are drawn out by a comparison with American exceptionalism. While American exceptionalism has both offensive and defensive faces, Chinese exceptionalism is in general more defensive and even vague. While not determinative, exceptionalism can suggest policy dispositions, and by being an essential part of China's worldview, it can become an important source for policy ideas, offer the ingredients for the supposed construction of Chinese theories of international relations, and provide a lens through which to view emerging Chinese visions of international relations. [Reprinted by permission; copyright Sage Publications Ltd. & ECPR-European Consortium for Political Research.]

The contemporary global community is increasingly interdependent and confronted with systemic risks posed by the actions and interactions of actors existing beneath the level of formal institutions, often operating outside effective governance structures. Frequently, these actors are human agents, such as rogue traders or aggressive financial innovators, terrorists, groups of dissidents, or unauthorized sources of sensitive or secret information about government or private sector activities. In other instances, influential "actors" take the form of climate change, communications technologies, or socioeconomic globalization. Although these individual forces may be small relative to state governments or international institutions, or may operate on long time scales, the changes they catalyze can pose significant challenges to the analysis and practice of international relations through the operation of complex feedbacks and interactions of individual agents and interconnected systems. We call these challenges "femtorisks," and emphasize their importance for two reasons. First, in isolation, they may be inconsequential and semiautonomous; but when embedded in complex adaptive systems, characterized by individual agents able to change, learn from experience, and pursue their own agendas, the strategic interaction between actors can propel systems down paths of increasing, even global, instability. Second, because their influence stems from complex interactions at interfaces of multiple systems (e.g., social, financial, political, technological, ecological, etc.), femtorisks challenge standard approaches to risk assessment, as higher-order consequences cascade across the boundaries of socially constructed complex systems. We argue that new approaches to assessing and managing systemic risk in international relations are required, inspired by principles of evolutionary theory and development of resilient ecological systems.