Suchergebnisse

In the context of internationalisation the national issues regarding the restitution of nationalised immovable goods in different stages of history, the subject at hand, represents a pioneering analysis of a complex national reality. Recent practice of Romanian courts has revealed a delicate problem that is apparently the object of debate and resolve of the national and international academic environment. Through the analysis the author tackles the problem of discrimination that is committed by the national law that regulates the matter of restitution of goods that were abusively taken over by the state, from the point of view of the theoretician, as well as the practitioner, pointing out the necessity of direct cooperation with the European courts. The negative discrimination, resulting from the art. 36 of 18/1991 law, can be analysed as an objective and rational justification that would allow the direct practice of the European convention of human rights concerning the litigations about "Land Act" (Law no. 18/1991)

Résumé De nombreuses tendances stratégiques et tactiques trouvent leur origine dans la guerre du Golfe de 1991. Utilisant de manière innovante munitions de précision ( pgm s) et capteurs de pointe, le conflit a fait émerger une version modernisée et solide de « l'Air Power ». En dépit d'un résultat militaire très favorable, Desert Storm a aussi mis en évidence plusieurs défauts opérationnels : la campagne aérienne s'est révélée incapable de détruire le régime irakien, ses systèmes de communication, ses lanceurs de Scud ou la Garde républicaine. Les caractéristiques stratégiques de la guerre et leurs implications sont encore moins appréciées : une coalition totalement dirigée par les États-Unis, privant ainsi les alliés de leurs responsabilités ; une lutte inégale poussant les adversaires futurs à recourir à l'asymétrique et aux adm ; enfin une incapacité à transformer le succès militaire en victoire durable. Pour le meilleur comme pour le pire, le nouveau modèle de guerre né en 1991 s'est ainsi imposé à nous jusqu'à aujourd'hui.

Official censorship of the news media by the Canadian governmenthas only occurred twice in the history of the nation: during the Firstand Second World Wars. Yet, the news media was quick to use the word"censorship" when the first ground rules agreement for the news media wasdeveloped by the Canadian Forces during the 1991 Persian Gulf War to restrictwhat journalists aboard its ships could write about. Canada's involvementin the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan providesa rich opportunity to examine whether the Canadian news media faces eitherofficial or unofficial censorship in its reporting on the war in Kandahar, theCanadians' area of responsibility. case study research and to compare and contrast the Canadian news media'scoverage of selected Canadian combat operations during the First and SecondWorld Wars, the Korean War, the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the 1999 Kosovo airwar and in Afghanistan. This study suggests that journalists and the militaryalike have both been involved in censorship at different times and to varyingdegrees throughout these conflicts.It also provides an opportunity to conduct

В статье рассматривается проблема расхождения между публичными и потаенными приоритетами политической деятельности. Вводится понятие «политическая раздвоенность» и предлагаются критерии для оценки ее дистанции. В российской истории автор выделяет «просветительский» (1762–1854 гг.), «модернизационный» (1856–1905 гг.), «революционно–советский» (февраль 1917 – 1985 г.), «либеральный» (1991 год – по н.в.) периоды роста дистанции политической раздвоенности. Анализ динамики политической раздвоенности позволяет выработать и проверить на историческом материале комплекс гипотез, объясняющих изменение характера публичного и непубличного поведения. ; The author considers the problem of divergence between public and secret political activity priorities, introduces the notion of "political duality", suggests criteria for evaluating its distance, distinguishes the "enlightening" (1762-1854), "modernization" (1856-1905), "revolutionary-soviet" (February 1917 1985), "liberal" (1991 – up to the present) periods of political duality distance growth in Russian history, and tells that the analysis of political duality dynamics allows developing and verifying the complex of the hypotheses explaining the change in the nature of public and non-public behaviour by historical data.

This article explains the genesis, effects of different factors (historical, economic, political- strategic, urban planning ones), and dynamics of spatial-social differentiation of the employed population in Belgrade. Special attention is paid to analysis of recent migration of employees during the period 1991-2002, which corresponds to the initial phase of liberalization of the housing market when financial constraints and subjective preferences of families and households started to act. This analysis represents the basis for scientific forecast of trajectories of socio-residential development of the city. ; Rad objašnjava genezu, delovanje različitih faktora (istorijskih, ekonomskih, političko-strateških, urbanističko-planerskih) i dinamiku prostorno-socijalne diferencijacije zaposlenog stanovništva u Beogradu. Posebna pažnja posvećena je analizi recentnih migracija zaposlenih, u periodu od 1991. do 2002. godine, što odgovara inicijalnoj fazi liberalizacije tržišta stanova u kojoj počinju da deluju finansijska ograničenja i subjektivne preferencije porodica i domaćinstava. Tom analizom je stvorena osnova za naučnu prognozu trajektorije daljeg socijalno-rezidencijalnog razvoja grada.

"Mit Hilfe tagesgenauer Angaben zur individuellen Beschäftigung wird untersucht, wie die Übergänge in die und aus der Arbeitslosigkeit durch internationales Outsourcing tangiert werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Neste artigo faz-se uma análise das características distributivas do processo Kaldor-Pasinetti, assumindo-se que o setor governamental incorre em persistentes déficits que podem ser financiados através de diferentes instrumentos, como a emissão de títulos e de moeda. Através dessa abordagem é possível estudar como a atividade governamental afeta a distribuição de renda entre capitalistas e trabalhadores e assim obter generalizações do Teorema de Cambridge em que versões anteriores como as de Steedman (1972), Pasinetti (1989), Dalziel (1991) e Faria (2000) surgem como casos particulares. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT ; This paper offers an analysis of the steady-state distributional features found in a Kaldor-Pasinetti process, in which the government sector is allowed to run persistent deficits that may be financed through different instruments. Productive capital and bonds generate single rates of return, while workers' saving propensity remains uniform. This paper seeks to establish a generalization of Cambridge Eauqtion, considering the specific contributions of Steedman (1972), Pasinetti (1989), Dalziel (1991), and Faria (2000).

El presente reporte es el resumen de cuatro documentos que integran el estudio denominado Estructura y dinámica de la tenencia de la tierra en El Salvador realizado entre fines de 2008 y mediados de 2009. Dicha investigación se basó en revisión bibliográfica y trabajo de campo, cubriendo los períodos: (a) 1970-1981, (b) 1982-1991 y (c) 1992-2008. Las entrevistas con los grupos focales de productores agremiados en la Asociación Nacional de Productores de El Salvador (ANPRES) permitieron tener un acercamiento a la realidad de su entorno vinculado con el tema de tierras y de este, a su vez, con urbanización, medio ambiente, seguridad alimentaria y otros temas. Luego de abordar el proceso de Reforma Agraria a partir de 1980, períodos 1980-1991 y 1992-2008, se hace un breve análisis de la institucionalidad para este proceso en el país, destacándose el papel de las instituciones involucradas. Posteriormente se formulan propuestas para asegurar la tenencia de la tierra y democratización de la propiedad.

El presente reporte es el resumen de cuatro documentos que integran el estudio denominado Estructura y dinámica de la tenencia de la tierra en El Salvador realizado entre fines de 2008 y mediados de 2009. Dicha investigación se basó en revisión bibliográfica y trabajo de campo, cubriendo los períodos: (a) 1970-1981, (b) 1982-1991 y (c) 1992-2008. Las entrevistas con los grupos focales de productores agremiados en la Asociación Nacional de Productores de El Salvador (ANPRES) permitieron tener un acercamiento a la realidad de su entorno vinculado con el tema de tierras y de este, a su vez, con urbanización, medio ambiente, seguridad alimentaria y otros temas. Luego de abordar el proceso de Reforma Agraria a partir de 1980, períodos 1980-1991 y 1992-2008, se hace un breve análisis de la institucionalidad para este proceso en el país, destacándose el papel de las instituciones involucradas. Posteriormente se formulan propuestas para asegurar la tenencia de la tierra y democratización de la propiedad.

RESUMEN: En el artículo, Medófilo Medina analiza el proceso de legitimación y deslegitimación del movimiento sindical a través de las diferentes etapas históricas, desde principios de siglo hasta la actualidad, teniendo en cuenta los diferentes factores políticos y sociales que han intervenido. En el momento actual, el autor expresa su preocupación por el "estado de interinidad legal y de legitimidad precaria" en que sigue manteniéndose al sindicalismo, a pesar de la aprobación de la Constitución de 1991, que introdujo importantes factores de democratización en el país.ABSTRACT: In this article, Medófilo Medina analyzes the legitimation and dislegitimation syndical movement process along the different historical phases, since the beginning of the twentieth century to more recent years, and taking into account political as well as social factors wich have taken place. At this moment, the author express his preocupation because "the state of interinity and precarious legitimacy" in wich is mainteining the syndicalism, in spite of the new Constitution approved in 1991 wich gave importans factors of democratization to the country.

En 1956 se celebró la primera elección con sufragio universal de la historia boliviana. Para la ocasión se fundó la Corte Nacional Electoral (CNE), cuya historia retrata el artículo. La primera etapa corre de 1956 hasta 1985, cuando su funcionamiento no era permanente y muchos comicios se celebraron bajo un manto de sospechas de irregularidades por el dominio del gobierno sobre la institución; la segunda va desde 1985 hasta 1991, en ella el organismo electoral desarrolla sus actividades de forma constante y los partidos lo controlan provocando dudas sobre la legitimidad de los resultados; la última abarca desde 1991 hasta 2007, cuando el sistema político acuerda conformar una CNE auténticamente imparcial e independiente, exigiéndole la celebración de elecciones irreprochables que aseguren una fuerte legitimidad de origen a las autoridades elegidas. El estudio presta atención a las disposiciones legales que rigen las tareas del organismo electoral pero sobre todo intenta comprender su acción considerando el contexto político, intelectual y social en el cual las cumplió

Darbs "Latvijas un Krievijas politiskās attiecības, 1990.-1994." ir par Latvijas un Krievijas valdību attiecībām no 1990.gada 4.maija, līdz 1994.gada 31.augustam. Darbā atainota Latvijas un Krievijas valdību attiecību dinamika un panāktie pozitīvie rezultāti, iezīmētas pretrunas. Šo laiku var dalīt divos periodos: ja līdz 1991.gada 21.augustam Latvijas un Krievijas attiecības raksturo īslaicīgu labu attiecību fenomens, tad pēc šī datuma attiecības raksturo konfrontācija un cīņa par savām atšķirīgajām interesēm. ; The subject of the work "The Political Relations Between Latvia and Russia, 1990- 1994" are about relations between governments of Latvia and Russia in the period from 4th of May, to 31st of August, 1994. In the research there are interpreted dynamic of relations, achieved positive results and outlined contradictions between Russia and Latvia. If initially till 21th of August, 1991 relations between Latvia and Russia was characterized like phenomen of good relations, then after this date relations transfers, and is characterised like confrontation and struggle for individual interests.

New media historically have had difficulty obtaining access to the U. S. Congress. As technological changes have shifted the competitive balance among news organizations, the more established media have traditionally fought back by attempting to exclude the upstarts from the corridors of power. For example, Associate Senate Historian Donald Ritchie (1991) recounts the struggle by radio to gain a foothold against the opposition of entrenched newspapers in the 1920s and 1930s. The newspaper-controlled Standing Committee of Correspondents, which was responsible for granting credentials to the Capitol Hill Press Gallery, refused to credential radio reporters unless they also worked for newspapers. The dispute was finally settled in 1939 when Congress created a separate Radio Gallery, making Congress "the only national legislature to divide its galleries among different forms of media" (Ritchie 1991, 217). I thank Jeffrey Biggs and Jerry Gallegos for helpful suggestions. Generous financial support for this research was provided by the Congressional Fellowship Program of the American Political Science Association.

This article examines how police undercover techniques dealing with drug-trafficking were put on the agenda & legalized in France. Occurring in 1991, after Customs officers were imprisoned for an illegal sting operation, this first step was followed in 2004 by a further extension of proactive police powers. The 1991 law was enacted in an emergency situation, but it must be set in the context of a restructuring of Custom's interventions, as a consequence of European unification & the abolition of "inner borders." At the time, this matter provoked a trial of strength between the various ministries involved (Budget, 1nterior & Justice). Retracing step by step the discussions between these stakeholders, the author shows that the ministry of Justice was able to use a window of opportunity to further its own objectives, to the great displeasure of the ministry of Interior which was unable to prevent it. Despite having to accept a compromise, however, the Customs managed to legitimize its future undercover operations. Adapted from the source document.