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Am Beispiel der praktischen Realisierung (d.h. Entwicklung, Stand und Perspektiven) der verfassungsmäßig garantierten Rechte auf Arbeit, Gesundheitsfürsorge, materielle Sicherung im Alter und Wohnen vermittelt der Autor einen Überblick über Lebensstandard und Lebenssituation der sowjetischen Bevölkerung sowie über die Sozialpolitik der UdSSR. In diesem Zusammenhang werden insbesondere die Implikationen der Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen für die Arbeitsmoral und Arbeitsproduktivität ("Faktor Mensch") berücksichtigt. (BIOst-Klk)

AbstractThis paper undertakes an up‐to‐date assessment of evolution and convergence in market power over 2013 and 2018 in the Eurozone banking markets in view of the progress towards completing the banking union. The results show that average market power measured by the Lerner index displays an upward trend up until 2016 declining thereafter. Further findings by employing the panel convergence methodology of Philips and Sul (2007) fail to support the hypothesis of integration in the Eurozone banking markets through market power convergence. Furthermore, club clustering tests reveal presence of three sub‐clusters of countries with different speeds of convergence.

Twenty years ago Yugoslavia was imploding, leading to several terrible wars. Peace slowly returned during the following decade, along with reconciliation of a sort. Today, the former Yugoslavian republics are looking in the same direction, towards the European Union. Countries in the Western Balkans dream of following in the footsteps of Slovenia, which joined the EU in 2004. But they're not all marching to the same beat. Croatia and Montenegro are on track, and will undoubtedly join the EU in the near future. Serbia has made significant progress, but must still settle certain outstanding issues, especially hunting down war criminals sought by the International Court of Justice. Macedonia, on the other hand, is still blocked by a quarrel with Greece about its official name. And both Bosnia and Kosovo are lagging well behind, and are not expected to catch up for many years. Adapted from the source document.

The widespread interest in recent changes in fertility, union formation, & union dissolution has largely focused on adult behaviors. Much less attention has been paid to changes in related youth behaviors that foreshadow & may shape adult behaviors. This article identifies some of the changes that have occurred in the timing of sexual initiation & fertility across Western industrialized counties since 1960. Documenting the similarities & differences in these patterns help us to understand better how youth transition experiences differ across place. This article finds that patterns of youth sexual behavior are converging across developed countries. That is, within-& between-country variation in the timing of sexual initiation has decreased. There also has been a reduction & convergence in levels of teenage fertility, but the decline in fertility was more pronounced among non-English-speaking countries than among English-speaking countries, which has resulted in an increasing gap. 5 Figures, 22 References. [Copyright 2002 Sage Publications, Inc.]

The January 14, 1960, meeting of the Council of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was preceded by a meeting of representatives of the organization's eighteen members and of the United States and Canada to examine the resolutions adopted by a special economic conference. At this meeting, which ended with approval of a move sponsored by the United States that was designed to reorganize economic cooperation and transform the organization, it was decided, and subsequently approved by the OEEC Council and the United States and Canada, that: 1) four experts, representing respectively North America, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the European Economic Community (EEC) and other European nations, would prepare a report on the transformation of OEEC for consideration by senior officials of twenty countries, namely, the OEEC nations and the United States and Canada, at a meeting scheduled for April 19, 1960; 2) a preparatory meeting of representatives of the same twenty nations would be held in a month's time, when decisions would be taken to appoint a permanent chairman, a secretariat, and working parties to look into outstanding trade problems; and 3) a group, consisting of Canada, France, West Germany, Italy, Portugal, Belgium, the United States, the United Kingdom, and a representative of EEC, would be informally set up to coordinate aid policies to underdeveloped countries. The outcome of the discussions was regarded as paving the way for a new Atlantic economic grouping, composed of the members of OEEC plus the United States and Canada, which would give priority to consideration of the problems between the two rival European economic groups, EEC and EFTA. Other matters discussed by the Council were the removal of discriminatory measures against imports from the dollar zone and the increase in assistance to underdeveloped countries.